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1、Government,politicsandlawofBritainTheBritishpoliticalsystemofgovernmentisbasedonthetheoryoftriumvirate,accordingtowhichthestatepowerisdividedintothree:thelegislation,theadministration,andthejurisdiction.ThelegislationandadministrationarejammedtogetherTheorganofstatepowerisinCabin
2、et,whosehead(thePrimeMinister)andmembersmustbeParliamentMembers.Formanycenturies,Britainhaskeptitsold-fashionedgovernment,whichissharedbythreesupremeauthorities:theMonarch(i.e.theKingorQueen),theLords(i.e.thenobles),andtheCommons(i.e.theordinarypeople).TheStructureofCentralGovern
3、mentMONARCH(non-political)FormalHeadofStateandCommonwealthLEGISLATUREParliament:-politicalHouseofcommons,chairedbySpeaker(651MPS)HouseofLords,hereditary&lifepeersEXECUTIVEPrimeMinisterandMinisters(25),(PoliticalHeadsofGovernmentDepartments),allMPs,formCabinetCivilService(non-poli
4、tical)Permanentofficialsemployedbygovernment.AdviseMinistersandimplementpolicy.Topofficialspopularlyknownas‘mandarins’JUDICIARY(Non-political)HeadedbyLordChancellor,aleadingLawLordappointedbythePrimeMinisterHouseofLordsisthehighestcourt.TheConstitutionalMonarch(1)TheUnitedKingdom
5、isaconstitutionalmonarchy:thepowerofthemonarchislimitedbythecountry’sconstitution.ThelegalauthorityisgiventoParliamentExecutiveauthoritytothegovernment.Theheadofthestateisakingorqueen.TheConstitutionalMonarch(2)TheConstitutionalMonarchystartedatthebeginningofthe16thcentury.Todayt
6、heBritishMonarchyservesasaFIGUREHEADforthestate.TheConstitutionalMonarch(3)Intheory,shehasenormouspowers.Astheofficialheadofstate,theMonarchformallysummonsanddismissestheParliamentandtheministersoftheCabinet.Shealsoservesasthecommander-in-chiefofthearmedforces,theheadofJudiciarya
7、ndSupremeGovernorofthechurch.TheConstitutionalMonarch(4)ButinpracticetheMonarch’spowersarelimited.TheCrownfollowsthedictatesandadviceoftheministersintheparliament.EverythinghasbeendecidedinadvancebytheparliamentorthePrimeMinistertogether,withhisCabinet.TheConstitutionalMonarch(5)
8、TheMonarchhasnoalternativebuttoagreeauto
