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1、雅典悲劇的發(fā)展 關(guān)鍵詞酒神祭(Dionysia)酒神頌(dithyramb) (悲劇)演員(Thespian)情節(jié)(plot)版權(quán)所有?2008呂健忠二、雅典的酒神祭OfferingsmadebeforeanimageofDionysus5thcenturyBCInthesixthcenturyBC,thetyrantofAthensPisistratussoughttosolidifythesupportofthecommonpeopleagainstrivalaristocrats.?Onemeasurehe
2、employedtoachievethisendwastogiveprominencetotheworshipoftheimmenselypopularnaturegodDionysus.PisistratustransformedtraditionalruralfestivalsinhonorofDionysus,intoagrandurbanfestivalcalledtheGreatorCityDionysia,whichgraduallygrewinstaturetosuchadegreethatitbec
3、ameaninternationalfestival,vyingwiththeOlympicsinprestigeandpopularity.ThefestivalbeganwithaprocessionescortinganidolrepresentingDionysusfromthetownofEleutheraiontheboundarybetweenAtticaandBoeotiatothesacredprecinctinAthensthatincludedatheaterandtemplededicate
4、dtoDionysus.?TheprocessionwasincommemorationoftheintroductionofDionysus’sworshipintoAthensinthedistantpast.(continuedfromdescriptions,2-1)Theidolwasactuallyawoodenshaftwithamaskattached,garlandedwithivy-perhapsthemostcommonwayofdepictingDionysusintheGreekworld
5、.?HereweseeamaskofthegodDionysusandclothinghangingonapole,muchinthemannerofascarecrow.?Threewomendressedasmaenads(femaleworshippersofDionysus)surroundtheidol.?Themaenadontheleftoftheidolisladlingwineintoadrinkingcup,whiletheothertwomaenadsdanceecstatically.?Th
6、emaenadontherightisplayingatambourine.ThisrepresentationofDionysuswassetinthetheatersothatthedithyrambsandtragicandcomicdramascouldbeperformedinfrontofit.?Thesemusicalanddramaticperformanceswereoriginallyintendedasactsofworshipratherthanpureentertainment.?Acco
7、rdingly,thechiefhumanspectatoristhepriestofDionysus,whoalongwithotherpriestsandhighofficials,satinspecialseatsrightattheedgeoftheorchestrainanareacalledtheprohedria,‘front-seating’.(2-2)節(jié)慶由酒神顯靈揭開序幕 第一天稱作「開瓶日」，象徵酒神誕生第二天早上遊行，這是官方的活動(dòng)Phallicprocessionsignifiestheo
8、riginsofcomedy.Sixmenarecarryingaphalluspole,whilealargerfigureabovethemisridingathickerphalluspole.?Theridingfigurehasaprotrudingstomachandrearend,whichareprobablytheresultofweari
