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1、環(huán)境科學(xué)專業(yè)英語教程Unit1TextA:EnvironmentHumanshavealwaysinhabitedtwoworlds?Oneisthenaturalworldofplants,animals,soils,air,andwaterthatprecededusbybillionsofyearsandofwhichweareapart.Theotheristheworldofsocialinstitutionsandartifactsthatwecreateforourselvesusingscienee,techn
2、ology,andpoliticalorganization.Bothworldsareessentialtoourlives,butintegratingthemsuccessfullycausesenduringtensions.Whereearlierpeoplelimitedabilitytoaltertheirsurroundings,wenowhavepowertoextractandconsumeresources,producewastes,andmodifyourworldinwaysthatthreaten
3、bothourcontinuedexisteneeandthatofmanyorganismswithwhichwesharetheplanet.Toensureasustainablefutureforourselvesandfuturegeneration?weneedtounderstandsomethingabouthowourworldworks,whatwearedoingtoit,andwhatwecandotoprotectandimproveit.EnvironmentandEnvironmentScienc
4、eEnvironment(fromtheFrenchenvironner:toencircleorsurround)canbedefinedas(1)thecircumstaneeorconditionsthatsurroundanorganismorgroupoforganisms,or(2)thecomplexofsocialorculturalconditionsthataffectanindividualorcommunity?Sincehumansinhabitthenaturalaswellasthe"built"
5、ortechnological,social,andculturalworld,allconstituteimportantpartsofourenvironment.Environmentalscienee,then,isthesystematicstudyofourenvironmentandourproperplaceinit.Arelativelynewfield,environmentaiscienceishighlyinterdisciplinary,integratingnaturaloftheworldarou
6、ndus.Incontrasttomoretheoreticaldisciplines,environmentaiscienceismission-oriented?Thatis,itseeksnewzvalid,generalizableknowledgeaboutthenaturalworldandourimpactsonit,butobtainingthisinformationcreatesaresponsibilitytogetinvolvedintryingtodosomethingabouttheproblems
7、wehavecreated?AsdistinguishedeconomistBarbaraWardpointsout,foranincreasingnumberofenvironmentalissues,thedifficultyisnottoident訐yremedies.Remediesarenowwellunderstood.Theproblemistomakethemsocially,economically,andpoliticallyacceptable.Forestersknowhowtoplanttrees,b
8、utnottoestablishconditionsunderwhichvillagersindevelopingcountriescanmanageplantationsforthemselves.Engineersknowhowtocontrolpollution,but
