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1、NEWS&VIEWSPUBLICHEALTHBroadreceptionforcoronavirusThediscoverythatanewcoronavirusassociatedwithlethalrespiratoryinfectionsbindstoanevolutionarilyconservedreceptoronairwaycellssuggeststhatdirecttransmissionfrombatstohumansmayoccur.SeeLetterp.251TOMGALLAGHER&ST
2、ANLEYPERLMANmongthevastpoolofzoonoticvirusesA—thosethatcanbetransmittedfromanimalstohumans—arethecorona-viruses.Thesepathogenscausecommoncoldsand,rarely,moresevereinfections,andtheirentrancesintothehumanpopulationprovidecasestudiesinvirusevolutionand?theemerg
3、enceofinfectiousdisease.Anewcoronavirus,designatedhCoV-EMC,hasAirwaycellappearedinhumansinMiddleEasterncountriesandEnglandonseveraloccasionsSARS-CoVoverthepastyear.Althoughonlyafewpeoplehavebeeninfected,aroundhalfofthemhavehCoV-EMCDPP41died.Theidentificationo
4、fthereceptorforthis2virus,reportedbyRajetal.onpage251ofthisissue,willhelpustounderstandhowthisandACE2othercoronavirusescancrossspeciesborders.Coronavirusesmadetheheadlinesduringthe2002–03epidemicofhumansevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS).Theoriginofthepathog
5、enichumanvirus(SARS-CoV)2thatcausedtheseinfectionswastracedbackFigure1
6、Interspeciestransmissionpathwaysforcoronaviruses.Rajandcolleagueshaveidentified3thecell-surfaceproteinDPP4asthereceptorforhCoV-EMC,anewcoronavirusthatcausesseveretoinfectedbats.Inexpanding
7、itsrangetohumans,theSARS-likebatvirusesevolvedtherespiratoryinfectionsinhumans.DPP4isexpressedonnon-ciliatedcellsinthehumanairway.Theviruscapacitytolatchontohumanlung-cellrecep-isalsoabletousethehomologousproteininbatsforinfection,whichsuggeststhatdirectandre
8、versible4transmissionofthevirusbetweenbatsandhumansmayoccur(althoughtransmissionthroughantors.Thisprobablycameaboutthroughinfec-intermediatehostremainsapossibility).Bycontrast,anotherpathogeniccoronavirus(SARS-CoV),tionsinintermediatehostanimals,inwhichwhichb
9、indstotheACE2receptoronciliatedairwaycells,probablycannotbetransmitteddirectlyandisgeneticrecombinationsandsmallmutationslikelytohavejumpedfrombatstohumansthroughevolutionaryprocessesinin
