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1、英語詞性分類及用法一、詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性,英語單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用,可以分成十個大類。前面六類是實詞:1、名詞noun????n.student學生2、代詞pronounpron.you你3、形容詞adjectiveadj.happy高興的4、副詞adverbadv.quickly迅速地5、動詞verbv.cut砍、割6、數(shù)詞numeralnum.three三后面四類是虛詞:7、冠詞articleart.a一個8、介詞prepositionprep.at在...9、連詞conjunctionconj.and和10、感嘆詞interjec
2、tioninterj.oh哦英語句子成分(七類)一、主語(subject):句子說明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)Helikesdancing.(代詞)高中將學習:Seeingisbelieving.(動名詞)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主語從句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主語,主語從句是真正主語)二、謂語(predicate)說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。WestudyE
3、nglish.Heisasleep.謂語最重要的是時態(tài)和語態(tài)。TomwassenttoBeijing.三、表語(predicative)跟在系動詞后面的成分,表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。常見的系動詞有:be,sound(聽起來),look(看起來),feel(摸起來),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗、吃起來),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感覺)….很多詞可以做表語Heisateacher.(名詞)Fiveandfiveisten.(數(shù)詞)Heisasleep.(形容詞)Hisfatherisin.(副詞)Thepictureis
4、onthewall.(介詞短語)Itsoundsagoodidea.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.高中將學的表語Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容詞化的分詞)Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表語從句)三、賓語賓語分兩類:動賓和介賓。跟在動詞后面
5、的賓語叫動賓,跟在介詞后面的賓語叫介賓。Hehatesyou.(代詞)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(數(shù)詞)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.以上是動賓Areyouafraidofthesnake?Theyarelookingforadog.這兩句是介賓Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.這兩句是雙賓語:間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)高中將學的賓語Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(動名詞)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式
6、)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(賓語從句)四、賓補對賓語的補充,全稱為賓語補足語。特征:1、跟在賓語后面。2、補充說明賓語。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容詞)Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)五、主補對主語的補充說明。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.六、定語(高考的重難點)修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子
7、。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名詞)Heisourfriend.(代詞)Webelongtothethirdworld.(數(shù)詞)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容詞)高中將學的定語Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(現(xiàn)在分詞)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingw
8、ellnow.(過去分詞)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定語從句)