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1、PORCINE10NIDOVIRUSESPorcineCoronaviruses10.1KarolSestakandLindaJ.SaifSUMMARY(HEV),porcineepidemicdiarrheavirus(PEDV),andporcinerespiratorycoronavirus(PRCV)(Pensaert1989).ThefamilyCoronaviridaebelongstotheorderNidovi-Historically,thefirstreportofclinicaldiseaseinpigsrales.Coronavirusesarepat
2、hogensassociatedwithinfec-causedbycoronavirusesdatesto1946(DoyleandHutch-tionsofveterinaryimportancecausingaspectrumofings1946)andTGE,whichoccursthroughouttheworld.clinicalsyndromesthatvarydependingonthehost.DueAccordingtoserologicalsurveysconductedinNorthtotheirlarge,inherentlyerror-proneR
3、NAgenome,coro-AmericaandEurope,ahighseroprevalence(36%tonavirusesarewelladaptedtochangingenvironmental100%)toTGEVexistsamongswine[USDepartmentofselectivepressures.Thedynamic,quasi-speciescharacterAgriculture(USDA)1997;Pensaertetal.1993].Accurateofthisvirusfamilywasrecognizedtwodecadesagowit
4、hTGEVseroprevalenceassessmentsarecomplicatedbytheemergenceofporcinerespiratorycoronavirusthefactthatantibodiestoanaturaldeletionmutantof(PRCV),adeletionmutantoftransmissiblegastroenteri-TGEV,PRCV,areindistinguishablefromTGEVantibod-tisvirus(TGEV).Itwaslatershownthatthelossofonlyiesbyroutine
5、serologicaldiagnosticassays.AccordingtotwoaminoacidsfromtheTGEVmajorsurfaceattach-the1995andthe1990NationalSwineSurveys(Unitedmentproteinmightresultinachangefromgastroin-States),approximately6%ofswineoperationsreportedtestinaltorespiratorytropism.InadditiontoTGEVandproblemswithTGEV(USDA1992
6、,1997).DiagnosticPRCV,twootherantigenicallydistinctcoronavirusesstudiesindicatedthatamongthepigletsthatdiedfromhavebeenisolatedfrompigs:hemagglutinatingen-diarrheabeforereachingtheageof1month,8%werecephalitisvirus(HEV)andporcineepidemicdiarrheapositiveforTGEV(MoonandBunn1993).Amorevirus(PED
7、V).Duetotheiremerging/reemergingnaturerecentserologicalsurveyshowedthatallofthe22“medi-andimpactonswineproduction,thischapterdealsonlyumtolarge”sizeswineherdsstudiedinIowawereposi-withTGEV,PRCV,andPEDV.Historicalandcurrentas-tiveforTGEVorPRCVantibodies,w
