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1、5BATCORONAVIRUSESXing‐YiGe,BenHu,andZheng‐LiShiKeyLaboratoryofSpecialPathogensandBiosafety,WuhanInstituteofVirology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Hubei,China5.1INTRODUCTIONBatshavebeendocumentedasnaturalhostsofhumandiseasessincethebeginningofthe20thcentury(Courter,1954).Inthela
2、st40years,severalemerginghumanviralinfectionshavebeenlinkedtobats,includinglyssavirus(Samaratungaetal.,1998;Stantic‐Pavlinic,2005),Ebolavirus(Leroyetal.,2005),Hendravirus(Halpinetal.,1999),andNipahvirus(Chuaetal.,2002).Coronaviruseswerenotdetectedinbatsuntil2005,justaftert
3、heoutbreakofsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)(Lauetal.,2005;LiFetal.,2005b;Poonetal.,2005).UncoveringtheoriginoftheSARScoronavirusledtothediscoveryofcoronavirusesinbats.Sincethenavarietyofcoronaviruseshavebeenidentifiedinmorethan100batspeciesdistributedthroughoutAsia,Au
4、stralia,Europe,Africa,andAmerica(Shi,2013;Chenetal.,2014)(Table?5.1).Fifty‐ninefull‐lengthgenomesofbatcoronaviruseshavebeensequencedtodate,andpartialcoronavirusgenomicsequencesdepositedinGenBankhaveexceeded600(Chenetal.,2014).CoronavirusesbelongtothesubfamilyCoronavirinae,
5、familyCoronaviridae,amonophyleticclusterintheorderNidovirales(deGrootetal.,2012).Thecoronavirusgenomehasapositive‐sensesingle‐strandedRNAof26–32kbinsize,thelargestBatsandViruses:ANewFrontierofEmergingInfectiousDiseases,FirstEdition.EditedbyLin-FaWangandChristopherCowled.?2
6、015JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Published2015byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.127etal.,2007etal.,2009etal.,2006Reference2012;Osborneetal.,2011et?al.,2005Donaldsonetal.,2010;Huynhetal.,etal.,2011FalconDeBenedictisetal.,2014etal.,2013bAnthonyetal.,2011FalconLellietal.,2013etal.,2009Tongunpublishe
7、dShiratoetal.,2012etal.,2012;TongTaoChuetal.,2006;Wooetal.,2009Tongetal.,2006Wooetal.,2011Falconetal.,2006;VijaykrishnaTangetal.,2010DrexlerunpublishedunpublishedGeldenhuysetal.,2013Gloza‐Rauschetal.,2008etal.,2011FalconsequencePartialPartialPartialPartialPartialPartialPar
8、tialPartialFulllengthPartialFulllengthChuetal.,2008PartialFulllengthChuetal.,2008;Chuetal
