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1、上海航天62AEROSPACESHANGHAI第34卷2017年第4期文章編號；1006—1630(2017)04—0062—11O氣象衛(wèi)星遙感火情監(jiān)測應(yīng)用李亞君，鄭偉，陳潔，劉誠(中國氣象局國家衛(wèi)星氣象中心，北京100081)摘要：對氣象衛(wèi)星遙感火情監(jiān)測應(yīng)用進行了研究。介紹了用中紅外和遠紅外通道火點像元亮溫與背景差異對火情進行監(jiān)測的原理，以及可用于監(jiān)測的主要衛(wèi)星儀器。給出了極軌氣象衛(wèi)星和靜止氣象衛(wèi)星的火點判別方法，包括亞像元火點面積與溫度、燃燒輻射功(FRP)的火點強度估算方法，以及過火區(qū)面積估算和影響評估方法
2、。氣象衛(wèi)星火點監(jiān)測精度用人工火場衛(wèi)星同步觀測和用高分辨率陸地衛(wèi)星對火點監(jiān)測兩種方法進行驗證。介紹了風(fēng)云三號(FY一3)等氣象衛(wèi)星在防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護、氣候影響評估等中的應(yīng)用，包括森林草原火情監(jiān)測和過火區(qū)估算、森林草原火險預(yù)警預(yù)報、秸稈焚燒火點監(jiān)測及過火區(qū)面積估算、生物量燃燒引起的煙霾天氣監(jiān)測、干旱等氣候事件對森林火災(zāi)的影響、全球野火監(jiān)測等。展望了未來氣象衛(wèi)星在火情監(jiān)測中的技術(shù)發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。關(guān)鍵詞：氣象衛(wèi)星；火情監(jiān)測；火點判識；強度估算；過火評估；森林草原中圖分類號：TP79；P407文獻標(biāo)志碼：ADOI：10．
3、19328／j．cnki．1006—1630．2017．04．008FireMonitoringandApplicationBasedonMeteorologicalSatelliteLIYa—jun，ZHENGWei，CHENJie，LIUCheng(NationalSatelliteMeteorologicalCenter，ChinaMeteorologicalAdministration，Beijing100081，China)Abstract：Thefiremonitoringandapplication
4、basedonmeteorologicalsatellitewerestudiedinthispaper．Thefiremonitoringprinciplethroughthebrightnesstemperaturedifferentbetweenfirepixelandbackgroundinmiddleinfraredandfarinfraredchannelswasintroduced．Themajorinstrumentsonborneweregiven．Thediscriminationmethod
5、soffirepointforpolarorbitmeteorolo百calsatelliteandgeostationaryorbitmeteorologicalsatellite，firepointintensityestimationincludingtheareaandtemperatureofsub—pixelfirepoint，andfiringradiationpower，andthemethodsofburnedareaestimationandeffectassessmentwerepresen
6、ted．Thefiremonitoringaccuracybasedonmeteorologicalsatellitewerevalidatedbytwowayswhichwereartificialfirefieldobservedsynchronouslybysatelliteandfiremonitoringbylandsatellitewithhighresolution．TheapplicationsofFY-3andothersmeteorologicalsatellitesindisasterpre
7、ventionandreduction，ecologicalenvironmentprotectionandclimaticeffectassessmentwereintroduced，whichincludingforestandprairiefiremonitoring，burnedreignestimation，warningandforecastofforestandprairiefire，monitoringoffirecausedbystrawburningandburnedareaestimatio
8、n，hazeweathermonitoringcausedbybiomassburning，climaticeventeffectofdroughtandothersonforestfire，andglobalwildfiremonitoring．Thetechnologydevelopmentandapplicationofmeteorologicalsatellite
