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1、上海航天62AEROSPACESHANGHAI第34卷2017年第4期文章編號(hào)；1006—1630(2017)04—0062—11O氣象衛(wèi)星遙感火情監(jiān)測(cè)應(yīng)用李亞君，鄭偉，陳潔，劉誠(chéng)(中國(guó)氣象局國(guó)家衛(wèi)星氣象中心，北京100081)摘要：對(duì)氣象衛(wèi)星遙感火情監(jiān)測(cè)應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了研究。介紹了用中紅外和遠(yuǎn)紅外通道火點(diǎn)像元亮溫與背景差異對(duì)火情進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)的原理，以及可用于監(jiān)測(cè)的主要衛(wèi)星儀器。給出了極軌氣象衛(wèi)星和靜止氣象衛(wèi)星的火點(diǎn)判別方法，包括亞像元火點(diǎn)面積與溫度、燃燒輻射功(FRP)的火點(diǎn)強(qiáng)度估算方法，以及過火區(qū)面積估算和影響評(píng)估方法
2、。氣象衛(wèi)星火點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)精度用人工火場(chǎng)衛(wèi)星同步觀測(cè)和用高分辨率陸地衛(wèi)星對(duì)火點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)兩種方法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。介紹了風(fēng)云三號(hào)(FY一3)等氣象衛(wèi)星在防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)、氣候影響評(píng)估等中的應(yīng)用，包括森林草原火情監(jiān)測(cè)和過火區(qū)估算、森林草原火險(xiǎn)預(yù)警預(yù)報(bào)、秸稈焚燒火點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)及過火區(qū)面積估算、生物量燃燒引起的煙霾天氣監(jiān)測(cè)、干旱等氣候事件對(duì)森林火災(zāi)的影響、全球野火監(jiān)測(cè)等。展望了未來氣象衛(wèi)星在火情監(jiān)測(cè)中的技術(shù)發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。關(guān)鍵詞：氣象衛(wèi)星；火情監(jiān)測(cè)；火點(diǎn)判識(shí)；強(qiáng)度估算；過火評(píng)估；森林草原中圖分類號(hào)：TP79；P407文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：ADOI：10．
3、19328／j．cnki．1006—1630．2017．04．008FireMonitoringandApplicationBasedonMeteorologicalSatelliteLIYa—jun，ZHENGWei，CHENJie，LIUCheng(NationalSatelliteMeteorologicalCenter，ChinaMeteorologicalAdministration，Beijing100081，China)Abstract：Thefiremonitoringandapplication
4、basedonmeteorologicalsatellitewerestudiedinthispaper．Thefiremonitoringprinciplethroughthebrightnesstemperaturedifferentbetweenfirepixelandbackgroundinmiddleinfraredandfarinfraredchannelswasintroduced．Themajorinstrumentsonborneweregiven．Thediscriminationmethod
5、soffirepointforpolarorbitmeteorolo百calsatelliteandgeostationaryorbitmeteorologicalsatellite，firepointintensityestimationincludingtheareaandtemperatureofsub—pixelfirepoint，andfiringradiationpower，andthemethodsofburnedareaestimationandeffectassessmentwerepresen
6、ted．Thefiremonitoringaccuracybasedonmeteorologicalsatellitewerevalidatedbytwowayswhichwereartificialfirefieldobservedsynchronouslybysatelliteandfiremonitoringbylandsatellitewithhighresolution．TheapplicationsofFY-3andothersmeteorologicalsatellitesindisasterpre
7、ventionandreduction，ecologicalenvironmentprotectionandclimaticeffectassessmentwereintroduced，whichincludingforestandprairiefiremonitoring，burnedreignestimation，warningandforecastofforestandprairiefire，monitoringoffirecausedbystrawburningandburnedareaestimatio
8、n，hazeweathermonitoringcausedbybiomassburning，climaticeventeffectofdroughtandothersonforestfire，andglobalwildfiremonitoring．Thetechnologydevelopmentandapplicationofmeteorologicalsatellite
