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1、淺談財務分析在銀行信用評級中的應用摘要銀行信用評級是對一家銀行當前償付其金融債務的總體金融能力的評價,它對于存款人和投資者評估風險報酬、優(yōu)化投資結構、回避投資風險,對商業(yè)銀行拓寬籌資渠道、穩(wěn)定資金來源、降低籌資費用,對監(jiān)管當局提高監(jiān)管效率,消弱金融市場上的信息不對稱,降低市場運行的波動性,都具有非常重要的意義。對銀行進行信用評級與對一般的非金融企業(yè)評級不同,對一家普通公司進行評級時,只需評價其財務實力,就能直接得出其信用級別。而在銀行評級中,對財務實力的評價只是個體評級,而非信用評級。因此,銀行信用評級一般分為三個步驟:首
2、先,估算銀行獨立的財務實力和經(jīng)營環(huán)境,以便確定其個體評級;其次,通過對經(jīng)營權及管理水平和盈利能力分析確定一個支持評級;最后,綜合考慮個體評級和支持評級兩個不同因素,經(jīng)過專家會議討論,才能得出銀行的信用評級。本文主要從銀行信用評級的概念入手,結合財務分析的相關內(nèi)容,為完善我國銀行業(yè)信用評級質(zhì)量提出建議。關鍵詞:經(jīng)營環(huán)境;管理水平;評級質(zhì)量;因素IIFinancialAnalysisInTheApplicationOfTheBankCreditRatingAbstractBankcreditratingistheevaluat
3、ionofabank’scurrentfinancialcapabilityofitsfinancialdebtpaymentsingeneral.Itisverymeaningfulfordepositorsandinvestorstoassessriskreward,optimizetheinvestmentstructure,avoidinvestmentrisk.Itisalsomeaningfulforthecommercialbankstobroadenthefinancingchannels,stableso
4、urceoffunds,reducethefinancingcost.Moreover,itisalsoimportantforsupervisionauthoritiestoimprovetheefficiencyofsupervision,aswellasweakentheinformationasymmetryinthefinancialmarkets,andreducethevolatilityofmarketoperationhasveryimportantsignificance.Ratingonthebank
5、’screditisdifferentfromthenon-financialenterprises.Itcanbedirectlyknownthecreditratingsonlybyevaluatingoffinancialstrengthforanormalcompanywhileitisonlytheindividualratingstotheevaluationoffinancialstrength,ratherthanthecreditratingforthebank.Therefore,bankcreditr
6、atingingeneralcanbedividedintothreesteps:firstly,estimatingthebankindependentfinancialstrengthandoperatingenvironment,inordertodeterminetheindividualrating;Secondly,analyzingtherightofmanagement,themanagementlevelandprofitabilitytodeterminethesupportrating;Finally
7、,afterthediscussionoftheexperts’meetingtodecidethebank’screditratingbyconsideringtheindividualratingsandsupportratings.Beginningwiththeconceptofbankcreditrating,andaccordingtotherelevantcontentsoffinancialanalysis,thisarticleproposedtoperfectourcountry’squalityoft
8、hebankingcreditrating.Keywords:Businessenvironment;Managementlevel;Qualityofcreditrating;FactorsII目錄緒論11信用評級的研究概況11.1信用評級產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展的理論基礎研究11.2商業(yè)銀行信用評級體系的研究32