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1、AnnalsofBotany100:91–100,2007doi:10.1093/aob/mcm077,availableonlineatwww.aob.oxfordjournals.orgPopulationGeneticEffectsofUrbanHabitatFragmentationinthePerennialHerbViolapubescens(Violaceae)usingISSRMarkersTHERESAM.CULLEY*,SARAHJ.SBITAandANNEWICKDepartmentofBiologicalSciences,Universityo
2、fCincinnati,614RieveschlHall,Cincinnati,OH45221-0006,USAReceived:15December2006Returnedforrevision:2February2007Accepted:2March2007Publishedelectronically:7June2007?BackgroundandAimsFragmentationofnaturalhabitatscannegativelyimpactplantpopulationsbyleadingtoreducedgeneticvariationandinc
3、reasedgeneticdistanceaspopulationsbecomegeographicallyandgeneticallyiso-latedfromoneanother.Totestwhethersuchdetrimentaleffectsoccurwithinanurbanlandscape,thegeneticstruc-tureofsixpopulationsoftheperennialherbViolapubescenswascharacterizedinthemetropolitanareaofGreaterCincinnatiinsouthw
4、esternOhio,USA.?MethodsUsingthreeinter-simplesequencerepeat(ISSR)markers,51lociampli?edacrossallurbanpopulations.Forreference,fourpreviouslyexaminedagriculturalpopulationsincentral/northernOhioandageographicallyDownloadedfromdistantpopulationinMichiganwerealsoincludedintheanalysis.?KeyR
5、esultsUrbanpopulationsretainedhighlevelsofgeneticvariation(percentageofpolymorphicloci,Pp?80.7%)withsimilargeneticdistancesamongpopulationsandanabsenceofuniquealleles.Geographicandgeneticdistanceswerecorrelatedwithoneanother,andallpopulationsgroupedaccordingtoregion.Individualsfromurban
6、populationsclusteredtogetherandawayfromindividualsfromagriculturalpopulationsandfromtheMichiganpopulationinaprinciplecoordinatesanalysis.Hierarchicalanalysisofmolecularvariance(AMOVA)revealedthatmostofthegeneticvariabilitywaspartitionedwithinpopulations(69.1%)andamonggroupshttp://aob.ox
7、fordjournals.org/(22.2%)ofsouthwesternOhio,central/northernOhioandMichigangroups.MeanFstwas0.308,indicatingsubstan-tialpopulationdifferentiation.?ConclusionsItisconcludedthaturbanfragmentationdoesnotappeartoimpedegene?owinV.pubescensinsouthwesternOhio.Theseresultsareconsistentw
