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1、高考英語語法專題講解-高考英語語法專題講解1.定語從句1.1三步思考：（1）找出先行詞；（2）看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；（3）選擇合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。1.2何時(shí)用that？何時(shí)用which？1.2.1只能用that的3種情況：（1）先行詞被序數(shù)詞最高級，以及theonly、theverythesame、thelast修飾過.（2）先行詞為all、everything、nothing等不定代詞.（3）先行詞同時(shí)是人和物并列時(shí).e.g.LatermyfatherandMr.Crossettalk
2、edofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool.1.2.2只能用which的情況：（1）介賓短語（2）指代前面的一件事e.g.Hetalkedofitinarudewaywhichmademeannoyed.1.3關(guān)系代詞as（正如…）1.3.1as在定語從句中作主語e.g.Asappearfromherpaper,shehasreadwidelyinRomanticliterature.Wehavefoundsuchmaterialasisusedintheirfa
3、ctory.(非同一塊材料)Wehavefoundsuchmaterialthatisusedintheirfactory.(同一塊材料)1.3.2as在定語從句中作賓語e.g.Sheisremarkable,asIhavetoldyou.ShewearstheclothesasshedidlastSunday.(穿的是同一件)Shewearstheclothesashersisterdoes.(穿的不是同一件)1.3.3as在定語從句中作表語e.g.Hewasnotthesamepersonashe(was).
4、(省略從句謂語時(shí)只能用as)=Hewasnotthesamepersonthathewas.1.3.4as的固定用法:Asweknow,=Asisknowntoallthat/Asisknowntoall,…1.4allthat和whatAllthatIknowisthathehasmadeuphismindtoheavethecountryforanewplace.that引導(dǎo)定語從句that引導(dǎo)表語從句=WhatIknowisthat……What引導(dǎo)主語從句1.5關(guān)系副詞:where,when,why比較:T
5、hisisthehousewhereIlived2yearsago.ThisisthehousewhichIvisited.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.Iwillneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.5ThereasonwhyIamcallingyouistoinviteyoutomyparty.Thereasonyougavemeyesterdaycannotbeaccepted.ThereasonisthatIwanty
6、outocometomyparty.表語從句e只要在定語從句中擔(dān)任狀語的，就用關(guān)系副詞。p.s.在判斷選用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞時(shí)，尤其要注意：及物動(dòng)詞后直接加賓語，則選關(guān)系代詞；不及物動(dòng)詞后不可直接加賓語，則選關(guān)系副詞！2.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別2.1形式結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同：都跟在名詞或代詞之后，且又常由that引導(dǎo)。2.2句法功能不相同:同位語從句對前一名詞做補(bǔ)充說明，在從句中無語法位置，而定語從句所修飾詞在從句中占一語法位置。2.3區(qū)別方法：2.3.1that是否在從句中擔(dān)任成分？Thenewsthatthele
7、aderwillcomehereisnottrue.在從句中不擔(dān)任成分Thenewsthatyoutoldmelastweekisnottrue.在從句中擔(dān)任賓語2.3.2在that前面加is,如果句意成立就是同位語；否則就不是。Thenewsisthattheleaderwillcomehereisnottrue.成立Thenewsisthatyoutoldmelastweekisnottrue.不成立2.3.3根據(jù)that前的名字判斷同位語that前的名詞必須是一個(gè)表示事實(shí)的抽象名詞:fact,news,in
8、formation,order,belief,reply,answer,saying,doubt,hope,idea,thought,suggestion,wish,conclusion,decision,knowledge,opinion,problem,promise,question,plan,report,truth,viewetc.定語從句前的先行詞沒有這個(gè)限制
