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1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題講解-高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題講解1.定語(yǔ)從句1.1三步思考:(1)找出先行詞;(2)看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能(做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ));(3)選擇合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。1.2何時(shí)用that?何時(shí)用which?1.2.1只能用that的3種情況:(1)先行詞被序數(shù)詞最高級(jí),以及theonly、theverythesame、thelast修飾過(guò).(2)先行詞為all、everything、nothing等不定代詞.(3)先行詞同時(shí)是人和物并列時(shí).e.g.LatermyfatherandMr.Crossettalkedofthingsandpersonsthatt
2、heyrememberedinschool.1.2.2只能用which的情況:(1)介賓短語(yǔ)(2)指代前面的一件事e.g.Hetalkedofitinarudewaywhichmademeannoyed.1.3關(guān)系代詞as(正如…)1.3.1as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)e.g.Asappearfromherpaper,shehasreadwidelyinRomanticliterature.Wehavefoundsuchmaterialasisusedintheirfactory.(非同一塊材料)Wehavefoundsuchmaterialthatisusedint
3、heirfactory.(同一塊材料)1.3.2as在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)e.g.Sheisremarkable,asIhavetoldyou.ShewearstheclothesasshedidlastSunday.(穿的是同一件)Shewearstheclothesashersisterdoes.(穿的不是同一件)1.3.3as在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)e.g.Hewasnotthesamepersonashe(was).(省略從句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用as)=Hewasnotthesamepersonthathewas.1.3.4as的固定用法:Asweknow,=Asiskn
4、owntoallthat/Asisknowntoall,…1.4allthat和whatAllthatIknowisthathehasmadeuphismindtoheavethecountryforanewplace.that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句=WhatIknowisthat……What引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句1.5關(guān)系副詞:where,when,why比較:ThisisthehousewhereIlived2yearsago.ThisisthehousewhichIvisited.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthear
5、my.Iwillneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.5ThereasonwhyIamcallingyouistoinviteyoutomyparty.Thereasonyougavemeyesterdaycannotbeaccepted.ThereasonisthatIwantyoutocometomyparty.表語(yǔ)從句e只要在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的,就用關(guān)系副詞。p.s.在判斷選用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞時(shí),尤其要注意:及物動(dòng)詞后直接加賓語(yǔ),則選關(guān)系代詞;不及物動(dòng)詞后不可直接加賓語(yǔ),則選關(guān)系副詞!2.定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別2
6、.1形式結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同:都跟在名詞或代詞之后,且又常由that引導(dǎo)。2.2句法功能不相同:同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前一名詞做補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,在從句中無(wú)語(yǔ)法位置,而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾詞在從句中占一語(yǔ)法位置。2.3區(qū)別方法:2.3.1that是否在從句中擔(dān)任成分?Thenewsthattheleaderwillcomehereisnottrue.在從句中不擔(dān)任成分Thenewsthatyoutoldmelastweekisnottrue.在從句中擔(dān)任賓語(yǔ)2.3.2在that前面加is,如果句意成立就是同位語(yǔ);否則就不是。Thenewsisthattheleaderwillcomeherei
7、snottrue.成立Thenewsisthatyoutoldmelastweekisnottrue.不成立2.3.3根據(jù)that前的名字判斷同位語(yǔ)that前的名詞必須是一個(gè)表示事實(shí)的抽象名詞:fact,news,information,order,belief,reply,answer,saying,doubt,hope,idea,thought,suggestion,wish,conclusion,decision,knowledge,opinion,problem,promise,question,plan,report,truth,viewetc.定語(yǔ)從
8、句前的先行詞沒(méi)有這個(gè)限制