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1、初升高銜接1/4---onefourthaquarter情態(tài)動詞詞情態(tài)動詞:can,could,may,might,must,oughtto,shall,will,would,need,dare表示說話人的情感和態(tài)度。?不受主語人稱和數(shù)的變化影響;和動詞的原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1.表能力,can/beableto代替。can只有兩種時態(tài)形式,現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could,而be?able?to有多種時態(tài)形式。beableto也可表達能力,但常用來表達在某件事情中所表現(xiàn)出來的能力,尤指克服
2、困難能夠完成某事。Mary?can?play?the?piano.?She?has?been?able?to?play?it?since?she?was?5.瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。2.表允許。Can?I?have?a?look?at?your?new?pen??我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎?He?asked?whether?he?could?take?the?book?out?of?the?reading—room.他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。3.表委婉。Could/wouldCan?(Coul
3、d)?you?lend?me?a?hand??幫我一把好嗎?Would?you?like?another?glass?of?beer??再來杯啤酒好嗎?Would?you?mind?cleaning?the?window??請把窗戶擦一下好嗎?4.表可能.?MayHe?may?be?at?home.?他可能在家。=Meybeheisathome.She?may?not?know?about?it.?她可能不知道這件事。5.表意志。must和?have?to“必須”must表示主觀意志,而have?to表
4、示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒有過去式,除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時間,在直接引語中表示過去時間應該用had?to代替。I?told?her?that?she?must?give?up?smoking.?我叫她必須戒煙。We?had?to?get?everything?ready?that?night.?我們那晚得把一切準備就緒。--Must?we?hand?in?our?exercise—books?now??我們現(xiàn)在就要交練習本嗎?--No,?you?needn′t.?/?No,?you?
5、don′t?have?to.?不必。6.表猜測。在肯定句中一般用must(一定),may(可能),might/could(也許,或許)。表肯定推測,按可能性由大到小依次為:must>should/oughtto>may>might>could。Itiscoldintheroom.Theymusthaveturnedofftheheating.屋里很冷,他們肯定把暖氣關了。(1).對將來的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”。Shemayarrivebefore5.她可能5:00前到。(2).對現(xiàn)在的推測,“情
6、態(tài)動詞+bedoing”或“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”。Hemustbelisteningtotheradionow.他一定正在聽收音機。Hecan’tnotbeathomeatthistime.這個時候他肯定不在家。(3)對過去的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞”。Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.地濕了,昨晚肯定下雨了。Thedoorwaslocked.Hecannothavebeenathome.門鎖著,他肯定不在家。(4).表推測的反意疑問句,就是
7、以情態(tài)動詞后的時態(tài)為淮。以must為例:1.Youmustbehungrynow,aren’tyou?2.HemustbewatchingTV,isn’the?3Tommusthavelivedherforalongtime,hasn’the?4.Shemusthavearrivedyesterday,didn’tshe?7.?表征詢,shall?用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。Shall?I?get?you?some?tea??我給你點茶好嗎?What?shall?we?do?this?evening??我
8、們今晚做什么?8.?表意愿,will?用于各種人稱陳述句。I?will?do?anything?for?you.?我愿為你做任何事。If?you?will?read?the?book,?I′ll?lend?it?to?you.?如果你愿意讀這本書,我會把它借給你。9.表義務,?should/ought?toshould?意為“應該”(某件事宜于做),用于各種人稱。ought?to意為“應該”(因責任、義務等該做),口氣比should稍重。Y