electronic commerce logistics文檔

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1、Chapter11ElectronicCommerceLogistics11.1TheOverallElectronicCommerceLogistics11.1.1TheLogisticsandtheLogisticalSystemInterestintheInternethaschangedsodrasticallyinrecentyearsthatonecanspeakofauniversalbreakthrough.Theremarkableincreaseinuserscanbeattribut

2、edmainlytotheappealoftheWorldWideWeb,theInternetfeaturethatisenjoyingthegreatestgrowth.ThereissomeuncertaintyabouthowmuchtheInternetandelectroniccommerce(e-commerce)arebeingused,andespeciallyabouttheexpansionofsuchusageinthefuture.Atthesametime,e-commerce

3、isanewphenomenonthatissurelygoingtohaveanenormousimpactandsignificantlychangethewaybothindividualsandcompaniesshop,managetheirbusinessactivitiesanddistributetheirproducts.ThenumberofhouseholdsinEuropeconnectedtotheInternetisexpectedtotriple,to50million,by

4、theyear2004butusagewillnotexpanduniformly.PersistentforecastsofexplosiveincreasesinsalesofgoodsviatheInternethavesofarbeenwrong.InSweden,TheSwedishResearchInstituteofTrade(HUI),recentlyassessedretailsalesviatheInternettobeSEK600million,whichcorrespondstoa

5、trifling0.2%oftotalretailturnover,(Karp,1999).IncreasedaccesstoInternetservicesmustbeaccommodatedbyimprovementsinflowstructures.TheincreasedaccesstoandoffersofinformationcreatedbytheInternetmustconsequentlybeaccompaniedbyadifferentdistributionstructure,on

6、eassuringthatgoodscanevenphysicallybetransportedtothecustomerquicklyandrationally.E-commercewillopenanentirelynewmarketforactorsinthelogisticsfield.Logisticsanddistributionsystemsthatfunctionefficientlyandeffectivelyinallrespectswillbecrucialforthesuccess

7、ofthecompaniesinvolved.Thisimpliesthatmanufacturingcompanies,andespeciallylogisticscompanies,mustidentifyandcreateeffectivelogisticssolutionsinordertocompeteonthemarketplace.Orderingmaterialsofvariouskindselectronically,andprimarilyviatheInternet,willbeco

8、memoreandmorecommon.Thisappliesnotonlytobusiness-to-businessbutalsotobusiness-to-customer.Thisendconsumerwillnormallybeaprivatepersonwhoorderseverythingfrombooks,clothesandfoodtoanewmodelcomputer.Theresultisthatthee