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1、TheOriginsofaNation(5000BC-1066)I.EarlySettlers（5000BC-55BC）TheIberiansTheBeakerFolkTheCeltsII.RomanBritain(55BC-410AD)BritishrecordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasion.In55BCand54BC,JuliusCaesar,aRomangeneral,invadedBritaintwice.InAD43,theEmperorClaudiusinvadedBritainsuccessfully.Fornearly400y
2、ears,BritainwasundertheRomanoccupation,thoughitwasneveratotaloccupation.III.TheAnglo-Saxons(446-871)Inthemid-5thcenturyanewwaveofinvaders,Jutes,Saxons,andAnglescametoBritain.TheywerethreeTeutonictribes.TheJutes,whofishedandfarmedinJutland,cametoBritainfirst.AJutishchiefbecametheKingofKentin449
3、.ThentheSaxons,usersoftheshort-swordfromnorthernGermany,establishedtheirkingdominEssex,SussexandWessexfromtheendofthe5thcenturytothebeginningofthe6thcentury.Inthesecondhalfofthe6thcentury,theAngles,whoalsocamefromnorthernGermanyandweretogivetheirnametotheEnglishpeople,settledinEastAnglia,Merci
4、aandNorthumbria.ThesesevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbriahavebeengiventhenameofHeptarchy.IV．VikingandDanishinvasionsTheinvadersweretheNorwegiansandtheDanes.TheyattackedvariouspartsofEnglandfromtheendofthe8thcentury.Theybecameaseriousprobleminthe9thce
5、ntury,especiallybetween835and878.TheyevenmanagedtocaptureYork,animportantcenterofChristianityin867.Bythemiddleof9th8century,theVikingandtheDaneswereposingathreattotheSaxonkingdomofWessex.AlfredwasakingofWessex.HedefeatedtheDanesandreachedafriendlyagreementwiththemin879.TheDanesgainedcontroloft
6、henorthandeast,whileheruledtherest.HealsoconvertedsomeleadingDanesintoChristians.Hefoundedastrongfleetandisknownas“thefatheroftheBritishnavy”.HereorganizedtheSaxonarmy,makingitmoreefficient.HetranslatedaLatinbookintoEnglish.Healsoestablishedschoolsandformulatedalegalsystem.Allthisearnshimtheti
7、tle“AlfredtheGreat.”V．TheNormanConquest(1066)TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.WilliamtheConquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangover
