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1、1linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2“l(fā)exikon”means“wordorphrase”3“l(fā)ogie”means“l(fā)earningorthestudyof”4Lexicologymeans“scienceoftheword”.5Semantics:thestudyofthemeaningsofwordsandotherpartsoflanguage.6Etymology:studiesthemeanings,originandhistoryofindividualwordsan
2、dtheirdevelopment.7Phraseology(成語學(xué)）:mainlydealswithsetexpressionsandidioms.8awordis“aminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction”.9Vocabulary:Totalnumberofwordsthatmakeupalanguage.10Basicwordstockisthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesa
3、ndformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.11Stability.Wordsofthebasicwordstockhavebeeninuseforcenturies,12Productivity.Wordsofthebasicstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords.13Polysemy.Wordsbelongingtothebasicwordstockoftenpossessmorethanonemeaning14Collocability.Manywordsofthebasicword
4、stockenterquiteanumberofsetexpressions,idiomaticusages,proverbialsayingsandthelike.Instancesarenumerous.15Argot—generallyreferstothejargonofcriminals.16Dialectalwords——arewordsusedonlybyspeakersofthedialectinquestion.17Archaismsarewordsorformsthatwereonceincommonusebutarenowrestric
5、tedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse.18Neologisms-arenewly-createdwordsorexpressions.19Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling.20Translation-loans.Translation-loansarewordsandexpressionsformedfromtheexistingmaterialintheEnglishlanguagebutmodeledonth
6、epatternstakenfromanotherlanguage.21Semantic-loans.Wordsofthiscategoryarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform.22Sothethreesoundsarecalledphonemesratherthanmorphemes.23themorphemeis‘thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords’24Allomorphs(詞素變體/語素變體/形位變體)donotoccuratrandom,butarep
7、honeticallyconditionedandthuspredictable:25Afreemorphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.26Morphemes(粘附詞素)whichcanmotoccur(standalone)asseparatewordsareboundmorphemes.27boundrootisthatpartofwordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningjustlikeafreeroot.28Affixes:affixesareformsthatarea
8、ttachedtowordsorwordelemen
