資源描述：
《詞匯專(zhuān)有名詞定義》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線(xiàn)閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫(kù)。
1、1linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2“l(fā)exikon”means“wordorphrase”3“l(fā)ogie”means“l(fā)earningorthestudyof”4Lexicologymeans“scienceoftheword”.5Semantics:thestudyofthemeaningsofwordsandotherpartsoflanguage.6Etymology:studiesthemeanings,originandhistoryofindividu
2、alwordsandtheirdevelopment.7Phraseology(成語(yǔ)學(xué)）:mainlydealswithsetexpressionsandidioms.8awordis“aminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction”.9Vocabulary:Totalnumberofwordsthatmakeupalanguage.10Basicwordstockisthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumul
3、atedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.11Stability.Wordsofthebasicwordstockhavebeeninuseforcenturies,12Productivity.Wordsofthebasicstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords.13Polysemy.Wordsbelongingtothebasicwordstockoftenpossessmorethanonemeaning14Collocabil
4、ity.Manywordsofthebasicwordstockenterquiteanumberofsetexpressions,idiomaticusages,proverbialsayingsandthelike.Instancesarenumerous.15Argot—generallyreferstothejargonofcriminals.16Dialectalwords——arewordsusedonlybyspeakersofthedialectinquestion.17Archaismsarewordsorformstha
5、twereonceincommonusebutarenowrestrictedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse.18Neologisms-arenewly-createdwordsorexpressions.19Aliensareborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling.20Translation-loans.Translation-loansarewordsandexpressionsformedfromtheexist
6、ingmaterialintheEnglishlanguagebutmodeledonthepatternstakenfromanotherlanguage.21Semantic-loans.Wordsofthiscategoryarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform.22Sothethreesoundsarecalledphonemesratherthanmorphemes.23themorphemeis‘thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords’
7、24Allomorphs(詞素變體/語(yǔ)素變體/形位變體)donotoccuratrandom,butarephoneticallyconditionedandthuspredictable:25Afreemorphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.26Morphemes(粘附詞素)whichcanmotoccur(standalone)asseparatewordsareboundmorphemes.27boundrootisthatpartofwordthatcarriesthefundam
8、entalmeaningjustlikeafreeroot.28Affixes:affixesareformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelemen
