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1、定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)次要成分：表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)㈠主語(yǔ)（subject）句子說(shuō)明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名詞）Shewentoutinahurry.（代詞）Fourplusfouriseight.（數(shù)詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（動(dòng)名詞）Theyoungshouldrespectt
2、heold.（名詞化的形容詞）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）找出下列句中的主語(yǔ)：1、Thesunrisesintheeast.??????????2、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.??????3、Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.4、Seeingisbelieving.?????5、Toseeistobelieve.????????6、Helikesdancing.????7、Whatheneedsisabook.8、Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandta
3、lllikeatree.㈡謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.找出下列句中的謂語(yǔ)（注：只有動(dòng)詞才可作謂語(yǔ)。）：1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.(三)賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者——及物動(dòng)詞或介詞
4、的賓語(yǔ)Showyourpassport,please.（名詞）Shedidn'tsayanything.（代詞）Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.（數(shù)詞）Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.（名詞化的形容詞）Theyaskedtoseemypassport.（不定式）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（句子）賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指物或事,間接賓語(yǔ)指人或動(dòng)物.Hegavemesomebooks.間接直接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)指出下面句子的間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)：please
5、passmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)部分：1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Helikestoplaybasketball.3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.4.Shesaidthathefeltsick.5.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.（四）連系動(dòng)詞,其后面的成分叫作表語(yǔ)。Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremai
6、nsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.找出下列句中的表語(yǔ)。1.Iamateacher.2.Theyareontheplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting.常見的系動(dòng)詞有be動(dòng)詞,還有g(shù)et,become,turn,grow等表“變得”的詞,和感觀動(dòng)詞sound,look,smel,taste,feel等。(五）定語(yǔ)修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句Heisacleverboy.（形容詞）Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.（名詞）Therear
7、e54studentsinourclass.（數(shù)詞）Doyouknownbetty’ssister?（名詞所有格）Heboughtsomesleepingpills.（動(dòng)名詞）Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Hisspokenlanguageisgood.（過(guò)去分詞）定語(yǔ)后置：如果定語(yǔ)是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Th
