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1、.定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語和謂語次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主語謂語定語賓語同位語狀語㈠主語（subject）句子說明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名詞）Shewentoutinahurry.（代詞）Fourplusfouriseight.（數(shù)詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（動名詞）They
2、oungshouldrespecttheold.（名詞化的形容詞）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）找出下列句中的主語：1、Thesunrisesintheeast.??????????2、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.??????3、Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.4、Seeingisbelieving.?????5、Toseeistobelieve.????????......6、Helikesdancing.????7、Whatheneedsisabook.8
3、、Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.㈡謂語說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復合謂語：由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.找出下列句中的謂語（注：只有動詞才可作謂語。）：1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3
4、.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.(三)賓語動作的對象或承受者——及物動詞或介詞的賓語Showyourpassport,please.（名詞）Shedidn'tsayanything.（代詞）Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.（數(shù)詞）Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.（名詞化的形容詞）Theyaskedtoseemypassport.（不定式）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動名詞）......Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（句子）賓
5、語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物或事,間接賓語指人或動物.Hegavemesomebooks.間接直接賓語賓語指出下面句子的間接賓語和直接賓語：pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.找出下列句子的賓語部分：1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Helikestoplaybasketball.3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.4.Shesaidthathefeltsick.5.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.（四）連系
6、動詞,其后面的成分叫作表語。Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.找出下列句中的表語。1.Iamateacher.......2.Theyareontheplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting.常見的系動詞有be動詞,還有get,become,turn,grow等表
7、“變得”的詞,和感觀動詞sound,look,smel,taste,feel等。(五）定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句Heisacleverboy.（形容詞）Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.（名詞）Thereare54studentsinourclass.（數(shù)詞）Doyouknownbetty’ssister?（名詞所有格）Heboughtsomesleepingpills.（動名詞）Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Hisspokenlanguageisgood.（過去分詞）定語后置：
8、如果定語是由一個單詞表示時，通常要前置。而由一個詞組或一個句子表示時，通常則后置Thegirlinredishissister.Weha
