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1、蝿衿羋蒆羈肅芄蒅蟻羈膀蒄螃膃肆蒃裊羆蒞蒂薅膂芁蒁蚇羄膇薀蝿膀肅薀袂羃莁摘要(摘要目前生產(chǎn)甲醇的主要原料是煤和天然氣,甲醇的生產(chǎn)工藝過程分為合成氣(氫和一氧化碳)的制造、甲醇的合成和精制3部分。用煤和焦炭制甲醇的工藝路線包括燃料的氣化、氣體的脫硫、變換、脫碳及甲醇合成與精制。本文設(shè)計了甲醇的合成和精餾工藝,設(shè)計中采用低壓法中的I.C.I法合成甲醇,采用雙效法三塔粗甲醇精餾工藝來對粗甲醇進行精餾。低壓甲醇合成工藝流程是指采用低溫、低壓和高活性銅基催化劑,在5MPa左右壓力下,由合成氣合成甲醇的工藝流程。本設(shè)計采用ICI法合成甲醇,催化劑為銅基催化劑,其活性組分
2、是Cu和ZnO,該催化劑的活性高。合成反應(yīng)的溫度較低,在(230-270℃),操作壓力較低(5-10MPa),廣泛用于甲醇合成。本設(shè)計中精餾工藝采用雙效法三塔粗甲醇精餾工藝,與雙塔精餾相比三塔精餾可以提高甲醇的質(zhì)量和收率,并且可以降低蒸汽消耗。本設(shè)計中計算了甲醇生產(chǎn)過程中的合成工段和精餾工段,對其進行了物料衡算和熱量衡算,并對甲醇水冷器進行了設(shè)備選型計算。在設(shè)計過程中繪制了合成和精餾工段的設(shè)備一覽表和物料流程圖,并繪制了合成工段的PID圖、設(shè)備布置圖和管道布置圖。關(guān)鍵詞:甲醇I.C.I低壓法雙效法三塔粗甲醇精餾AbstractCurrentlythemai
3、nrawmaterialproductionofmethanolwasfromcoalandnaturalgas,methanolproductionprocesswasdistinguishedintothreeparts,suchastheproductionofsynthesisgas(hydrogenandcarbonmonoxide),synthesisandrefiningofmethanol.inthemanufactureofmethanolsynthesisandcoalandcokemanufacturingprocessroutewe
4、reincludedmethanolfuelgasification,gasdesulfurization,transformation,decarburizationandmethanolsynthesisandpurification.Thisdesignformethanolsynthesisanddistillationprocess,thedesignoftheICIlowpressuremethanolsynthesis,double-followthreetowerstocrudemethanoldistillationofcrudemeth
5、anoldistillation.Low-pressuremethanolsynthesisprocesswastheuseoflow-temperature,lowpressureandhighactivitycopper-basedcatalyst,in5MPaaboutpressure,synthesisgasfromthemethanolsynthesisprocess.ThisdesignwasusedICImethanolsynthesiscatalystforthecopper-basedcatalyst;theactivecomponent
6、isCuandZnO,thecatalystofhighactivity.Reactiontemperaturewaslower,at(230~270℃),lowoperatingpressure(5-10Mpa),whichwidelyusedinmethanolsynthesis.Thedesignofdoubledistillationprocessofcrudemethanoldistillationprocesstofollowthreetowers,distillationtowers,whichcomparedwiththreetowersd
7、istillationofmethanolcanimprovethequalityandyield,andreducesteamconsumption.Thedesigncalculationsformethanolsynthesissectionintheproductionprocessanddistillationsteps,wasthematerialbalanceandheatbalance,andmethanolandwatercoolersoftheequipmentsizing.Inthedesignprocesstodrawthesynt
8、hesisanddistillationsectioninthel