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1、海水淡化原理及方法綜述（Reviewofprinciplesandmethodsofseawaterdesalination）2008th3phasechemicaleducation1ChemistryandsocietyReviewofprinciplesandmethodsofseawaterdesalinationYangZhaoWangMingzhaoThree(Schoolofchemistry,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875)Theprincipleofseawaterdesalinationandmultistageflasheva
2、porationandreverseosmosisareintroduced2commonmethodsofseawaterdesalinationAndabriefreviewisgivenResearchandtechnicalapplicationofseawaterdesalinationinchina.Keywordsseawaterdesalinationmulti-stageflashreverseosmosisWaterplaysanimportantroleinhumansurvivalanddevelopmentAndenergyThefreshwaterresource
3、soccupiedbyhumanbeingsaccountforonlythetotalwaterreservesoftheworld0177%.Withtheshortageoffreshwaterresources,thesituationisbecomingmoreandmoreseriousPeopleHopeforthedevelopmentofnewfreshwaterresources.DesalinationasadevelopmentNewimportantmeansoffreshwaterresourceshavebeenpaidmoreandmoreattention.
4、1principleofseawaterdesalination(4)theproportionofvariousionsinseawaterisrelativelystable(seetable)1);Oceanwateraccountsfortheworld'stotalwaterreserves9615%,andhumanbeingsarenear70%livinginthesealessthan120kilometersawayTherefore,seawaterDesalinationbecomestheinevitabletrendofnewwatersourcedevelopm
5、ent.SeawaterdesalinationwillbeTheprocessofsaltremovalintofreshwaterinseawater.OneThemaincharacteristicsofseawaterqualityareasfollows:(1)thesaltcontentishighAbout35g/L;(2)corrosionislarge;(3)moderatemotioninseawater,11waterqualitycharacteristicsofseawater[1]ResearchanddevelopmentDistillation,especia
6、llymulti-stageflashevaporation,isthemostwidelyusedmethod.Moreplants;Seawaterdesalinationtreatment[4]ItwasinthelateeighteenthCentury.Theearliestdesalinationplantwasin1881ItwasbuiltinMaltaontheMediterraneanisland,andmostofthedrinkingwatercamefromtheisland.Earlyresearchofmodernseawaterdesalinationmeth
7、ods(5)thechangeofPHissmallSeawatersurfacelayerInpHWithin811~813range,AndinthedeeplayerPHisAbout718.surface1mainioncompositioninseawaterComponentcontent(mg/L)componentcontent(mg/L)Cl18980Br65Na+10560Sr2+13SO
