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1、新型熱法海水淡化技術(shù)工程化問題EngineeringProblemsofANewThermalSeawaterDesalinationTechnology孔令斌LingbinKong(瀘州天敘天成新能源有限公司646600)(LuzhouTianxuTianchengNewEnergyCo.,Ltd,646600)摘要本文介紹了新型熱法海水淡化技術(shù)體系，揭示了淡水海水溫度差等因素影響熱量利用效率的規(guī)律，建立了以水熱比為核心的熱法海水淡化裝置性能評(píng)價(jià)理論，分析了新型熱法海水淡化技術(shù)利用燃油、天然氣
2、、太陽(yáng)能、核能及各類工業(yè)余熱作熱源的工程化問題，提出了適用于海島、船艦的柴油機(jī)余熱海水淡化裝置設(shè)計(jì)方案，探明了海水資源綜合利用和化解水危機(jī)的技術(shù)路線。Abstract:Anewthermalseawaterdesalinationtechnologywasintroducedinthispaper.Theinfluencinglawoftemperaturedifferencebetweenfreshwaterandseawateronheatutilizationwasdisclosedand
3、aperformanceevaluationtheoryforthewater-heatratio-basedthermalseawaterdesalinationdevicewasestablished.Engineeringproblemsofthenewthermalseawaterdesalinationtechnologyusingfueloil,naturalgas,solarenergy,nuclearenergyandavarietyofindustrialwasteheatso
4、urceswereanalyzed.Aseawaterdesalinationdevicedesignusingwasteheatofdieselenginewhichisapplicabletoislandsandvesselswasproposed.Finally,thetechnicalrouteforcomprehensiveutilizationofseawaterresourcesandsolvingthewatercrisiswasdeveloped.關(guān)鍵詞：海水淡化工程化問題應(yīng)用
5、Keywords:seawaterdesalination,engineering,problems,applications1、新型熱法海水淡化技術(shù)體系1.Newthermalseawaterdesalinationtechnologicalsystem水資源短缺問題越來越困擾著人類，也不斷促進(jìn)了海水淡化技術(shù)進(jìn)步。幾百年來，熱法海水淡化技術(shù)從簡(jiǎn)單的蒸餾法到現(xiàn)在的多級(jí)閃蒸法和多效蒸餾法，技術(shù)日趨成熟；膜法海水淡化技術(shù)也應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，現(xiàn)在占據(jù)了海水淡化行業(yè)的絕大部分市場(chǎng)；電滲析、電容吸附、膜蒸餾、正滲
6、透、冰凍法等海水淡化技術(shù)也正在人類的探索中[1]。以上各類海水淡化技術(shù)的共同特點(diǎn)是將海水分離成淡水和濃鹽水兩部份。熱法海水淡化技術(shù)受熱傳遞、水蒸發(fā)冷凝物理規(guī)律的制約，膜法海水淡化受滲透壓物理規(guī)律的制約。其他海水淡化技術(shù)也受相應(yīng)物理規(guī)律制約。利用物理規(guī)律的合理程度決定技術(shù)的先進(jìn)程度。Watershortagerestrictshumandevelopmentincreasinglyandfacilitatesprogressofseawaterdesalinationtechnologyconti
7、nuously.Inthepastcenturies,thermalseawaterdesalinationtechnologymaturedgraduallyfromthesimpledistillationmethodtonowadaysmultistageflashevaporationandmultiple-effectdistillationmethod.Membraneseawaterdesalinationtechnologyemergedandhasoccupiedmostmar
8、ketintheseawaterdesalinationindustry.Electrodialysis,capacitiveadsorption,membranedistillation,positivepermeationandfreezingmethodareexploring[1].Alloftheseseawaterdesalinationtechnologiesseparateseawaterintofreshwaterandstrongbrine.Thermalseawaterde
