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1、Chapter8/Application:TheCostsofTaxation?1598Chapter8APPLICATION:THECOSTSOFTAXATIONofTaxationWHAT’SNEWINTHESEVENTHEDITION:AnewIntheNewsboxon“TheTaxDebate”hasbeenadded.LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:Bytheendofthischapter,studentsshouldunderstand:?howtaxesreduceconsu
2、merandproducersurplus.?themeaningandcausesofthedeadweightlossfromatax.?whysometaxeshavelargerdeadweightlossesthanothers.?howtaxrevenueanddeadweightlossvarywiththesizeofatax.CONTEXTANDPURPOSE:Chapter8isthesecondchapterinathree-chaptersequencedealingwith
3、welfareeconomics.Intheprevioussectiononsupplyanddemand,Chapter6introducedtaxesanddemonstratedhowataxaffectsthepriceandquantitysoldinamarket.Chapter6alsodescribedthefactorsthatdeterminehowtheburdenofthetaxisdividedbetweenthebuyersandsellersinamarket.Cha
4、pter7developedwelfareeconomics—thestudyofhowtheallocationofresourcesaffectseconomicwell-being.Chapter8combinesthelessonslearnedinChapters6and7andaddressestheeffectsoftaxationonwelfare.Chapter9willaddresstheeffectsoftraderestrictionsonwelfare.Thepurpose
5、ofChapter8istoapplythelessonslearnedaboutwelfareeconomicsinChapter7totheissueoftaxationthatwasaddressedinChapter6.Studentswilllearnthatthecostofataxtobuyersandsellersinamarketexceedstherevenuecollectedbythegovernment.Studentswillalsolearnaboutthefactor
6、sthatdeterminethedegreebywhichthecostofataxexceedstherevenuecollectedbythegovernment.?2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbescanned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.Chapter8/Application:TheCostsofTaxation?
7、159KEYPOINTS:·Ataxonagoodreducesthewelfareofbuyersandsellersofthegood,andthereductioninconsumerandproducersurplususuallyexceedstherevenueraisedbythegovernment.Thefallintotalsurplus—thesumofconsumersurplus,producersurplus,andtaxrevenue—iscalledthedeadwe
8、ightlossofthetax.·Taxeshavedeadweightlossesbecausetheycausebuyerstoconsumelessandsellerstoproduceless,andthesechangesinbehaviorshrinkthesizeofthemarketbelowthelevelthatmaximizestotalsurplus.Becausetheelasticitiesofsupplyanddemandmeasure
