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1、Chapter8/Application:TheCostsofTaxation?1598Chapter8APPLICATION:THECOSTSOFTAXATIONofTaxationWHAT’SNEWINTHESEVENTHEDITION:AnewIntheNewsboxon“TheTaxDebate”hasbeenadded.LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:Bytheendofthischapter,studentsshouldunderstand:?howtaxesreduceconsumerandproducersurplus.?them
2、eaningandcausesofthedeadweightlossfromatax.?whysometaxeshavelargerdeadweightlossesthanothers.?howtaxrevenueanddeadweightlossvarywiththesizeofatax.CONTEXTANDPURPOSE:Chapter8isthesecondchapterinathree-chaptersequencedealingwithwelfareeconomics.Intheprevioussectiononsupplyanddemand
3、,Chapter6introducedtaxesanddemonstratedhowataxaffectsthepriceandquantitysoldinamarket.Chapter6alsodescribedthefactorsthatdeterminehowtheburdenofthetaxisdividedbetweenthebuyersandsellersinamarket.Chapter7developedwelfareeconomics—thestudyofhowtheallocationofresourcesaffectseconom
4、icwell-being.Chapter8combinesthelessonslearnedinChapters6and7andaddressestheeffectsoftaxationonwelfare.Chapter9willaddresstheeffectsoftraderestrictionsonwelfare.ThepurposeofChapter8istoapplythelessonslearnedaboutwelfareeconomicsinChapter7totheissueoftaxationthatwasaddressedinCha
5、pter6.Studentswilllearnthatthecostofataxtobuyersandsellersinamarketexceedstherevenuecollectedbythegovernment.Studentswillalsolearnaboutthefactorsthatdeterminethedegreebywhichthecostofataxexceedstherevenuecollectedbythegovernment.?2012CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbesca
6、nned,copiedorduplicated,orpostedtoapubliclyaccessiblewebsite,inwholeorinpart.Chapter8/Application:TheCostsofTaxation?159KEYPOINTS:·Ataxonagoodreducesthewelfareofbuyersandsellersofthegood,andthereductioninconsumerandproducersurplususuallyexceedstherevenueraisedbythegovernment.The
7、fallintotalsurplus—thesumofconsumersurplus,producersurplus,andtaxrevenue—iscalledthedeadweightlossofthetax.·Taxeshavedeadweightlossesbecausetheycausebuyerstoconsumelessandsellerstoproduceless,andthesechangesinbehaviorshrinkthesizeofthemarketbelowthelevelthatmaximizestotalsurplus
8、.Becausetheelasticitiesofsupplyanddemandmeasure
