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1、GENERALRELATIVITYRobertM.WaldTheUniversityofChicagoPressChicagoandLondonGENERALRELATIVITYRobertM.WaldTheUniversityofChicagoPressChicagoandLondonThepaintingreproducedonthecoverofthepaperbackversionofthisbookisRendMagritte'sLesBellesRealites,OObyADAGP,Paris,1984.ThetransparencywasfurnishedbyGalerie
2、IsyBrachot,Bruxelles-Paris.TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,LondonD1984byTheUniversityofChicagoAllrightsreserved.Published1984PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica0403020100999897969589101112LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataWald,RobertM.Generalrelati
3、vity.Bibliography:p.473Includesindex.1.Generalrelativity(Physics)I.Title.QC173.6.W351984530.1'183-17969ISBN0-226-87033-2(pbk.)Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.CONTENTSPrefaceixNotationandConventionsxiPARTI.FUNDAMENTALS1.Introduction31.1Introduction31.2SpaceandTimeinPrerelativityPhysicsandinSpeci
4、alRelativity41.3TheSpacetimeMetric61.4GeneralRelativity82.ManifoldsandTensorFields112.1Manifolds112.2Vectors142.3Tensors;theMetricTensor182.4TheAbstractIndexNotation233.Curvature293.1DerivativeOperatorsandParallelTransport303.2Curvature363.3Geodesics413.4MethodsforComputingCurvature474.Einstein's
5、Equation554.1TheGeometryofSpaceinPrerelativityPhysics;GeneralandSpecialCovariance554.2SpecialRelativity594.3GeneralRelativity664.4LinearizedGravity:TheNewtonianLimitandGravitationalRadiation745.Homogeneous,IsotropicCosmology915.1HomogeneityandIsotropy915.2DynamicsofaHomogeneous,IsotropicUniverse9
6、6vviContents5.3TheCosmologicalRedshift;Horizons1015.4TheEvolutionofOurUniverse1076.TheSchwarzschildSolution1186.1DerivationoftheSchwarzschildSolution1196.2InteriorSolutions1256.3GeodesicsofSchwarzschild:GravitationalRedshift,PerihelionPrecession,BendingofLight,andTimeDelay1366.4TheKruskalExtensio
7、n148PARTII.ADVANCEDTOPICS7.MethodsforSolvingEinstein'sEquation1617.1Stationary,AxisymmetricSolutions1627.2SpatiallyHomogeneousCosmologies1687.3AlgebraicallySpecialSolutions1797.4MethodsforGeneratingSolutions1807.5Pertu
