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1、田間管理對(duì)華北平原冬小麥產(chǎn)量土壤碳及溫室氣體排放的影響農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)2009,28(12):2495-2500JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience田間管理對(duì)華北平原冬小麥產(chǎn)量土壤碳及溫室氣體排放的影響萬運(yùn)帆,李玉娥,高清竹,秦曉波,林而達(dá)(中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究所,農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與氣候變化重點(diǎn)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京100081)摘要:選取華北平原冬小麥為研究對(duì)象,針對(duì)(1)秸稈移除;(2)秸稈表覆;(3)免耕;(4)秸稈深施;(5)施農(nóng)家肥這5種典型的田間管理,使用農(nóng)田自動(dòng)溫室氣體測定系統(tǒng)對(duì)冬小麥
2、農(nóng)田全生育期進(jìn)行了原位長期觀測,并采用C自然豐度法對(duì)土壤碳的轉(zhuǎn)化進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測,同時(shí)對(duì)冬小麥產(chǎn)量及生物量,土壤有機(jī)碳的變化進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測.結(jié)果表明,冬小麥產(chǎn)量及生物量高低順序?yàn)槭┺r(nóng)家肥,秸稈深施,秸稈表覆,秸稈移除和免耕,而且土壤有機(jī)碳的更新也有同樣的趨勢;施農(nóng)家肥能顯著增加土壤有機(jī)碳而秸稈移除和免耕則會(huì)導(dǎo)致土壤有機(jī)碳的輕微下降;冬小麥甲烷的排放或吸收只占總增溫潛勢的不到l%,在進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)總排放當(dāng)量時(shí)基本可以忽略,Nz0在總排放當(dāng)量中的比例在2.55%11.62%范圍內(nèi);NO的大量排放主要來自于拔節(jié)期及開花期,秸稈移除,施農(nóng)家肥和秸稈深施會(huì)導(dǎo)
3、致N:0排放在總當(dāng)量中的份額增加至10%左右,而秸稈覆蓋和免耕N20排放在總排放當(dāng)量中的份額只有3%左右,冬小麥農(nóng)田總的溫室氣體排放88%以上來自于CO的排放,特別是秸稈表覆和免耕95%以上來自土壤碳的損失而釋放的CO:.總體來看,秸稈深施能保證較高的產(chǎn)量,減少碳的損失,增加土壤碳并產(chǎn)生相對(duì)較少的總溫室氣體排放量,是較好的固碳減排方式.關(guān)鍵詞:冬小麥;田間管理;土壤有機(jī)碳;溫室氣體排放中圖分類號(hào):xl6文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):1672—2043(2009)12—2495—06FieldManagementsAffectYield,S
4、O.1Carbon,andGreenhouseG9~sesEmissionofWinterWheatinNorthChinaPlainWANYun-fan,LIYu-e,GAOQin-zhu,QINXiao-bo,LINEr-da(InstituteofEnvironmentandSustainableDevelopmentinAgriculture,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,KeyLaboratoryofAgr0一EnvironmentandClimateChange,Ministr
5、yofAgriculture,Beijing100081,China)Abstract:FivedominantfieldmanagementsinwinterwheatfieldinNorthChinaPlain(NCP)arechosenastreatments.Thatis(1)residuere—moval(TRR),(2)residuemulch(TRM),(3)NoTillage(TNT),(4)residueincorporation(TRI)and(5)manure(TM).Usingautomaticcham—be
6、randGCmeasurementsysteminthefieldtomonitorthegreenhousegasesemittedfromthefieldduringwholeseason,by'sCnatureabun-dantmethodtomonitorcarbonturnover.winterwheatyieldandsoilorganiccarbonisalsobeenmonitored.111eresultsshowedthat:Thetreat-mentyieldindescendingorderisTM,TRI,
7、TRM,rNTandTRRrespectively,sametendencywiththesoilorganiccarbon(SOC)renewingpercentage.TMcanmoresignificantlyincreaseyieldandSOC.whileTRRandTNTcanslishtlydroptheyieldandSOC.,I'hemethanefromwinterwheatfieldisleSSthan1%tototalGHGemissionandmaybeneglectable,andN20accountfo
8、r2.55%一,l1.62%tototalGHGemissioninwinterwheatfield.ThemajorN20emissionstartfromjointingstageandTNT,TM,TRIhashiigherN2
