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1、reviewarticleQuantuminformationandcomputationCharlesH.Bennett&DavidP.DiVincenzoIBMResearchDivision,T.J.WatsonResearchCenter,YorktownHeights,NewYork10598,USA...........................................................................................................
2、.................................................................................................................................................................Ininformationprocessing,asinphysics,ourclassicalworldviewprovidesanincompleteapproximationtoanunderlyi
3、ngquantumreality.Quantumeffectslikeinterferenceandentanglementplaynodirectroleinconventionalinformationprocessing,buttheycanDinprinciplenow,butprobablyeventuallyinpracticeDbeharnessedtobreakcodes,createunbreakablecodes,andspeedupotherwiseintractablecomputations.I
4、nformationandcomputationtheoryhaveundergoneaspurtofclassicalinformationandquantumentanglement.Classicalinfor-newgrowth,andarenewaloftheirhistoricconnectiontobasicmationcanbecopiedatwill,butcanonlybetransmittedforwardinphysics,astheyhaveexpandedtotreattheintacttra
5、nsmissionandtime,toareceiverinthesender'sforwardlightcone.Entanglementprocessingofquantumstates,andtheinteractionofsuch`quantumincontrast,cannotbecopied,butcanconnectanytwopointsininformation'withtraditionalformsofinformation.Wemayspace±time.Conventionaldataproce
6、ssingoperationsdestroywonderwhythisdidnothappenearlier,asquantumprinciplesentanglement,butquantumoperationscancreateitanduseitforhavelongbeenacceptedasfundamentaltoallofphysics.Perhapsvariouspurposes,suchasspeedingupcertainclassicalcomputa-thefoundersofinformatio
7、nandcomputationtheory,suchastionsandassistinginthetransmissionofclassicalinformationorShannon,TuringandvonNeumann,weretooaccustomedtointactquantumstates.Partofthenewquantuminformationtheorythinkingofinformationprocessinginmacroscopicterms,notyetisthequalitativean
8、dquantitativestudyofentanglement,anditshavingbeforethemthepowerfulexamplesofthegeneticcodeandinteractionswithclassicalinformation.ever-shrinkingmicroelectronic
