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1、(翻譯兩篇外文資料。要求翻譯與畢業(yè)論文相關(guān)的外文文獻要求達到10000個字符左右(或翻譯成中文后至少在2000漢字以上);將譯文附在原文之后,翻譯的外文資料必須是近年公開發(fā)表的且與畢業(yè)論文研究內(nèi)容相符)1.Framing,AgendaSetting,andPriming:TheEvolutionofThreeMediaEffectsModelsDietramA.Scheufele&DavidTewksburyThisspecialissueofJournalofCommunicationisdevotedtotheoreticalexplanation
2、sofnewsframing,agendasetting,andprimingeffects.Itexaminesifandhowthethreemodelsarerelatedandwhatpotentialrelationshipsbetweenthemtelltheoristsandresearchersabouttheeffectsofmassmedia.Asanintroductiontothiseffort,thisessayprovidesaverybriefreviewofthethreeeffectsandtheirrootsinme
3、dia-effectsresearch.Basedonthisoverview,wehighlightafewkeydimensionsalongwhichonecancompare,framing,agendasetting,andpriming.Weconcludewithadescriptionofthecontextswithinwhichthethreemodelsoperate,andthebroaderimplicationsthattheseconceptualdistinctionshaveforthegrowthofourdisci
4、pline.Parsimonyversusprecision:framing,agendasetting,andprimingThethreemodelswefocusoninthisissue—framing,agendasetting,andpriming—havereceivedsignificantscholarlyattentionsincetheywereintroduced.Agendasettingreferstotheideathatthereisastrongcorrelationbetweentheemphasisthatmass
5、mediaplaceoncertainissues(e.g.,basedonrelativeplacementoramountofcoverage)andtheimportanceattributedtotheseissuesbymassaudiences(McCombs&Shaw,1972).Asdefinedinthepoliticalcommunicationliterature,Primingrefersto‘changesinthestandardsthatpeopleusetomakepoliticalevaluations’(Iyenga
6、r&Kinder,1987,p.63).Primingoccurswhennewscontentsuggeststonewsaudiencesthattheyoughttousespecificissuesasbenchmarksforevaluatingtheperformanceofleadersandgovernments.Itisoftenunderstoodasanextensionofagendasetting.Therearetworeasonsforthis:(a)Botheffectsarebasedonmemory-basedmod
7、elsofinformationprocessing.Thesemodelsassumethatpeopleformattitudesbasedontheconsiderationsthataremostsalient(i.e.,mostaccessible)whentheymakedecisions(Hastie&Park,1986).Inotherwords,judgmentsandattitudeformationaredirectlycorrelatedwith“theeaseinwhichinstancesorassociationscoul
8、dbebroughttomind”(Tversky&Kahneman,1973,p.208);