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1、高中有機(jī)化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)總結(jié)概括（SummaryofbasicknowledgeoforganicchemistryinSeniorHighSchool）Theessenceoforganiccompoundsproducingisomersliesinthedifferentarrangementofatoms.Inthemiddleschool,thefollowingthreesituationsaremainlyconcerned:Thecarbonchainisomerisomerism:be
2、causetheconnectionordercausedbydifferentcarbonatoms,suchasCH3CHCH3andCH3CH2CH2CH3.
3、CH3Thefunctionalpositionofheterogeneous:duetotheheterogeneousphenomenon,causedbydifferentpositionfunctionalgroupssuchasCH3CH2CH=CH2andCH3CH=CHCH3.Thefunctionalgroups:due
4、toheterogeneousheterogeneousgroupsofdifferentheterogeneousphenomenon,mainlyinclude:singleolefinsandnaphthenes,alkynesanddienes;cyclicolefin;alcoholandether;phenolandaromaticalcoholoraromaticaldehydeandketone;ether;carboxylicacidandester;nitrocompoundsw
5、ithaminoacid;glucoseandfructose;sucroseandmaltsugar.Theessenceoforganiccompoundsproducingisomersliesinthedifferentarrangementofatoms.Inthemiddleschool,thefollowingthreesituationsaremainlyconcerned:Thecarbonchainisomerisomerism:becausetheconnectionorder
6、causedbydifferentcarbonatoms,suchasCH3CHCH3andCH3CH2CH2CH3.
7、CH3Thefunctionalpositionofheterogeneous:duetotheheterogeneousphenomenon,causedbydifferentpositionfunctionalgroupssuchasCH3CH2CH=CH2andCH3CH=CHCH3.Thefunctionalgroups:duetoheterogeneousheteroge
8、neousgroupsofdifferentheterogeneousphenomenon,mainlyinclude:singleolefinsandnaphthenes,alkynesanddienes;cyclicolefin;alcoholandether;phenolandaromaticalcoholoraromaticaldehydeandketone;ether;carboxylicacidandester;nitrocompoundswithaminoacid;glucoseand
9、fructose;sucroseandmaltsugar.TheisomersoforganicmatterlieinthesamemolecularformulaanddifferentarrangementorderofatomsGraspthecoreofthestructuredifferently.Differentstructuresshouldbereferredto(1)thecarbonchainskeletonisdifferent,calledcarbonchainisomer
10、ism;(2)thepositionoffunctionalgroupsonthecarbonchainisdifferent,whichiscalledpositionalisomerism;(3)differentfunctionalgroupsarecalledclassisomerismorfunctionalisomerism;(4)thearrangementofatomsorclustersinmoleculesisdifferent,andthespa
