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1、科技文獻(xiàn)綜述競(jìng)賽論文題目:無形科學(xué)-電磁場(chǎng)與微波技術(shù)姓名:陳超專業(yè):電子科學(xué)與技術(shù)指導(dǎo)教師:葛幸申報(bào)日期:2012.10.23摘要電子和信息領(lǐng)域內(nèi)所有重大技術(shù)進(jìn)展幾乎都離不開電磁場(chǎng)與微波技術(shù)的突破。在通信、雷達(dá)、激光和光纖、遙感、衛(wèi)星、微電子、高能技術(shù)、生物和醫(yī)療等高新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中,電磁場(chǎng)與微波技術(shù)都起著關(guān)鍵的作用,它的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域蘊(yùn)含在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)、國防建設(shè)和人民生活的各個(gè)方面。同時(shí),電磁場(chǎng)和微波技術(shù)也隨著當(dāng)代物理、數(shù)學(xué)、技術(shù)學(xué)科的不斷進(jìn)步而得到日新月異的發(fā)展。關(guān)鍵字:電磁場(chǎng),微波技術(shù),應(yīng)用無形的科學(xué)——電磁場(chǎng)與微波技術(shù)目錄
2、1.前言······························································22.研究方向··························································23.基本理論與分析方法················································33.1電磁場(chǎng)理論···················································33.1.1矢量分析
3、················································33.1.2靜電場(chǎng)··················································33.1.3恒定電場(chǎng)················································43.1.4靜磁場(chǎng)··················································43.1.5時(shí)變電磁場(chǎng)··························
4、····················53.2微波技術(shù)理論················································73.2.1傳輸線理論··············································7 3.2.2集成傳輸系統(tǒng)···········································9 3.2.3微波諧凱腔··············································9 3.2.4微波網(wǎng)
5、絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)············································9 3.2.5微波無源元件·········································114.發(fā)展前景························································121.前言電子和信息領(lǐng)域內(nèi)所有重大技術(shù)進(jìn)展幾乎都離不開電磁場(chǎng)與微波技術(shù)的突破。在通信、雷達(dá)、激光和光纖、遙感、衛(wèi)星、微電子、高能技術(shù)、生物和醫(yī)療等高新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中,電磁場(chǎng)與微波技術(shù)都起著關(guān)鍵
6、的作用,它的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域蘊(yùn)含在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)、國防建設(shè)和人民生活的各個(gè)方面。同時(shí),電磁場(chǎng)和微波技術(shù)也隨著當(dāng)代物理、數(shù)學(xué)、技術(shù)學(xué)科的不斷進(jìn)步而得到日新月異的發(fā)展。2.研究方向1.計(jì)算電磁學(xué)及其應(yīng)用:設(shè)計(jì)、研究、開發(fā)高精度、高效率電磁計(jì)算算法;研究高效精確電磁計(jì)算算法在目標(biāo)特性、微波成像及遙感、電磁環(huán)境預(yù)測(cè)、天線分析和設(shè)計(jì)等方面的應(yīng)用。2.微波/毫米波電路設(shè)計(jì)理論與技術(shù):研究有源元器件與電路模型、與微電子、微機(jī)械工藝相關(guān)的材料器件等模型的建立及參數(shù)提??;研究低相噪頻率源技術(shù),微波/毫米波單片集成電路設(shè)計(jì),基于微機(jī)械(MEMS)的微
7、波/毫米波開關(guān)、移相器和濾波器設(shè)計(jì)。3.電磁波與物質(zhì)的相互作用:研究電磁散射和逆散射算法,軍事裝備目標(biāo)特性測(cè)試技術(shù),隱身目標(biāo)測(cè)試技術(shù),目標(biāo)散射中心三維成像技術(shù);研究輕質(zhì)、寬頻、自適應(yīng)智能隱身材料。4.微波/毫米波系統(tǒng)理論與集成應(yīng)用技術(shù):設(shè)計(jì)、研究、開發(fā)特殊環(huán)境下的微波/毫米波系統(tǒng);研究微波/毫米波測(cè)試技術(shù);研究天線設(shè)計(jì)理論與技術(shù)。3.基本理論與分析方法3.1電磁場(chǎng)理論3.1.1矢量分析向量微積分(Vectorcalculus)或向量分析(VectorAnalysis)是數(shù)學(xué)的分支,關(guān)心擁有兩個(gè)維度或以上的向量的多元實(shí)
8、分析。它有一套方程式及難題處理技巧,對(duì)物理學(xué)及工程學(xué)特別有幫助。我們考慮到向量場(chǎng)時(shí)把向量聯(lián)系到空間里的每一個(gè)點(diǎn),考慮到標(biāo)量場(chǎng)時(shí)把標(biāo)量連系到空間里的每一個(gè)點(diǎn)。例如:游泳池的水溫是標(biāo)量場(chǎng);游泳池的水流是向量場(chǎng)?;径ɡ恚禾荻榷ɡ?,高斯散量定理,斯托克斯定3.1.2靜電場(chǎng)由靜止電荷(相對(duì)于觀察者靜止的電荷)激發(fā)的電場(chǎng).靜電感應(yīng)一個(gè)帶電的物體靠近另一個(gè)