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1、第1篇本文選自《自然》雜志中一篇名為“Fast-spreadinggeneticmutationsposeecologicalrisk”的文章。文章肯定基因驅(qū)動(dòng)巨大潛力的同時(shí)，指出了其潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，目前還不能在自然界中隨意使用，最后兩段給出了相關(guān)建議。由于本文原文篇幅較長(zhǎng)，因此只選取了部分內(nèi)容。原文Ⅰ①Atechniquethatallowsparticulargenestospreadrapidlythroughpopulationsisnotreadytobesetlooseinthewild,warnsacommitteeconvenedbytheUSNationalAcademieso
2、fSciences,Engineering,andMedicine.Ⅱ①Inareportreleasedon8June,thecommitteearguedthatsuch‘genedrives’posecomplexecologicalrisksthatarenotyetfullyunderstood.②“Itisnotready—andwearenotready—foranykindofrelease,”saysElizabethHeitman,co-chairofthecommitteeandaresearchintegrityeducatoratVanderbiltUnivers
3、itySchoolofMedicineinNashville,Tennessee.③“Thereisalotofworkthatneedstobedone.”Ⅲ①Evenso,Heitmanandothermembersofthecommitteefeltthatthepotentialofgenedrives,forexampletocombatinsect-bornediseases,iscompellingenoughtowarrantadditionallaboratoryandfieldstudies.Ⅳ①Genedriveshavebeenstudiedformorethanh
4、alfacentury,andhavelongbeenpostulatedasawaytoeradicatemosquito-bornediseasessuchasmalaria.②Butthefieldwashamperedbytechnicalchallengesuntiltherecentadventofsophisticated—andeasy-to-use—toolsforengineeringgenomes.③Inthepasttwoyears,researchershaveusedapopulargene-editingtechniquecalledCRISPR–Cas9to
5、developgenedrivesthatspreadagivengenethroughapopulationalmostexponentiallyfasterthannormalinyeast,fruitfliesandtwospeciesofmosquitoes.Ⅴ①Butasmolecularbiologyresearchongenedriveshassurgedforward,ithasoutpacedourunderstandingoftheirecologicalconsequences,saysHeitman.②Evenasmall,accidentalreleasefrom
6、alaboratoryholdsthepotentialtospreadaroundtheglobe:“Afterreleaseintotheenvironment,agenedriveknowsnopoliticalboundaries,”thecommitteewrote.Ⅵ①Asaresult,oversightofgenedriveprojectsshouldbecoordinatedacrosscountries,thecommitteeargued,andbestpracticesshouldbeopenlysharedamonglaboratories.②Thecommitt
7、eealsodetailedmultiplephasesoftestingthatshouldbeusedtoassesstheeffectsofagenedrive,andstressedtheneedtoinvolveresearchers'homeinstitutions,regulatorsandeventhepublicindecision-making.Ⅶ①Agenedrivecouldhaveuninten
