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1、相位型光纖傳感原理及應(yīng)用摘要:光纖傳感器具有體型小巧,成本較低,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,易多路復(fù)用,能夠長距離分布式傳感,以及在傳感點(diǎn)無需用電,和良好的抗惡劣環(huán)境、抗電磁干擾、抗化學(xué)腐蝕能力等優(yōu)勢。因此發(fā)展態(tài)勢十分良好,發(fā)展?jié)摿薮?。今后光纖傳感器將向集成化光纖傳感器、多功能全光纖控制系統(tǒng)等方向發(fā)展。本文對(duì)干涉型光纖傳感器系統(tǒng)的傳感原理,進(jìn)行了比較系統(tǒng)的介紹,著重列舉了四種常用于干涉型光纖傳感器的光纖干涉儀,還有它們的干涉測量原理。這四種光纖干涉儀分別是:邁克爾遜(Michelson)干涉儀、馬赫一澤德(Mach-Zehnder)干涉儀、薩格納克(Sagnac)干涉儀和法布里珀羅(Fabry-
2、Perot)干涉儀。本文的重點(diǎn),是研究干涉型光纖傳感器的相位調(diào)制與解調(diào)方法以及主要應(yīng)用,文中先介紹了應(yīng)力應(yīng)變效應(yīng)及溫度效應(yīng)的調(diào)制方法;然后介紹了常用的兩種調(diào)制技術(shù)法,包括零差法和外差法;最后就應(yīng)用詳細(xì)介紹了微分干涉儀,白光干涉儀以及相位調(diào)制型光纖壓力和溫度傳感器。關(guān)鍵詞:光纖傳感器,光纖干涉儀,相位調(diào)制,相位解調(diào)TheprincipleandapplicationofphasetypeopticalfibersensorAbstractOpticalfibersensorhassmallsize,lowcost,compactstructure,easymultiplexing,
3、canlong-distancedistributedsensing,andthesensingpointwithoutelectricity,andthegoodresistancetobadenvironment,resistancetoelectromagneticinterference,chemicalcorrosionresistanceandotheradvantages.Sodevelopmentsituationisverygood,havegreatpotentialfordevelopment.Thefiberopticsensorleadtotheinte
4、gratedopticalfibersensors,multi-functionall-fibercontrolsystem,etc.Inthispaper,thesensingprincipleofinterferometricfiberopticsensorsystem,andcomparesthesystemofintroduction,mainlylistsfourkindsofcommonlyusedininterferometricfiberopticsensorofopticalfiberinterferometer,andtheirinterferencemeas
5、uringprinciple.Thesefourkindsofopticalfiberinterferometerrespectivelyis:Michelsoninterferometer,MachZehnderinterferometer,sagnacinterferometerandFabry-Perotinterferometer.Thefocusofthisarticle,isthestudyofinterferometricopticalfibersensorsofphasemodulationanddemodulationmethodandmainapplicati
6、ons,thispaperfirstintroducesthemodulationmethodofstressandstraineffectandtemperatureeffect;Andthenintroducedthecommonlyusedtwokindsofmodulationtechnology,includingzerodifferentialmethodandheterodynemethod;Finallyapplydifferentialinterferometerwasintroducedindetail,andwhitelightinterferometerp
7、hasemodulationtypefiberopticpressureandtemperaturesensors.Keywordsopticalfibersensor,opticalfiberinterferometer,phasemodulation,phasedemodulation一.引言近年來,傳感器朝著靈敏、精確、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、小巧和智能化的方向發(fā)展。隨著光通信時(shí)代的到來,光纖傳感器這個(gè)傳感器家族的新成員倍受青睞,已迅速成長為年成交額超過10億美金,并預(yù)計(jì)將于2010年擁