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1、相位型光纖傳感原理及應用摘要:光纖傳感器具有體型小巧,成本較低,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,易多路復用,能夠長距離分布式傳感,以及在傳感點無需用電,和良好的抗惡劣環(huán)境、抗電磁干擾、抗化學腐蝕能力等優(yōu)勢。因此發(fā)展態(tài)勢十分良好,發(fā)展?jié)摿薮?。今后光纖傳感器將向集成化光纖傳感器、多功能全光纖控制系統(tǒng)等方向發(fā)展。本文對干涉型光纖傳感器系統(tǒng)的傳感原理,進行了比較系統(tǒng)的介紹,著重列舉了四種常用于干涉型光纖傳感器的光纖干涉儀,還有它們的干涉測量原理。這四種光纖干涉儀分別是:邁克爾遜(Michelson)干涉儀、馬赫一澤德(Mach-Zehnde
2、r)干涉儀、薩格納克(Sagnac)干涉儀和法布里珀羅(Fabry-Perot)干涉儀。本文的重點,是研究干涉型光纖傳感器的相位調(diào)制與解調(diào)方法以及主要應用,文中先介紹了應力應變效應及溫度效應的調(diào)制方法;然后介紹了常用的兩種調(diào)制技術(shù)法,包括零差法和外差法;最后就應用詳細介紹了微分干涉儀,白光干涉儀以及相位調(diào)制型光纖壓力和溫度傳感器。關(guān)鍵詞:光纖傳感器,光纖干涉儀,相位調(diào)制,相位解調(diào)TheprincipleandapplicationofphasetypeopticalfibersensorAbstractOptic
3、alfibersensorhassmallsize,lowcost,compactstructure,easymultiplexing,canlong-distancedistributedsensing,andthesensingpointwithoutelectricity,andthegoodresistancetobadenvironment,resistancetoelectromagneticinterference,chemicalcorrosionresistanceandotheradvanta
4、ges.Sodevelopmentsituationisverygood,havegreatpotentialfordevelopment.Thefiberopticsensorleadtotheintegratedopticalfibersensors,multi-functionall-fibercontrolsystem,etc.Inthispaper,thesensingprincipleofinterferometricfiberopticsensorsystem,andcomparesthesyste
5、mofintroduction,mainlylistsfourkindsofcommonlyusedininterferometricfiberopticsensorofopticalfiberinterferometer,andtheirinterferencemeasuringprinciple.Thesefourkindsofopticalfiberinterferometerrespectivelyis:Michelsoninterferometer,MachZehnderinterferometer,s
6、agnacinterferometerandFabry-Perotinterferometer.Thefocusofthisarticle,isthestudyofinterferometricopticalfibersensorsofphasemodulationanddemodulationmethodandmainapplications,thispaperfirstintroducesthemodulationmethodofstressandstraineffectandtemperatureeffec
7、t;Andthenintroducedthecommonlyusedtwokindsofmodulationtechnology,includingzerodifferentialmethodandheterodynemethod;Finallyapplydifferentialinterferometerwasintroducedindetail,andwhitelightinterferometerphasemodulationtypefiberopticpressureandtemperaturesenso
8、rs.Keywordsopticalfibersensor,opticalfiberinterferometer,phasemodulation,phasedemodulation一.引言近年來,傳感器朝著靈敏、精確、適應性強、小巧和智能化的方向發(fā)展。隨著光通信時代的到來,光纖傳感器這個傳感器家族的新成員倍受青睞,已迅速成長為年成交額超過10億美金,并預計將于2010年擁