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1、人工智能的未來PrologueThisbookandmylifeareanimatedbytwopassions.Fortwenty-fiveyearsIhavebeenpassionateaboutmobilecomputing.Inthehigh-techworldofSiliconValley,Iamknownforstartingtwocompanies,PalmComputingandHandspring,andasthearchitectofmanyhandheldcomputersandcellphonessuchasthePalmPilo
2、tandtheTreo.ButIhaveasecondpassionthatpredatesmyinterestincomputers—oneIviewasmoreimportant.Iamcrazyaboutbrains.Iwanttounderstandhowthebrainworks,notjustfromaphilosophicalperspective,notjustinageneralway,butinadetailednutsandboltsengineeringway.Mydesireisnotonlytounderstandwhatin
3、telligenceisandhowthebrainworks,buthowtobuildmachinesthatworkthesameway.Iwanttobuildtrulyintelligentmachines.Thequestionofintelligenceisthelastgreatterrestrialfrontierofscience.Mostbigscientificquestionsinvolvetheverysmall,theverylarge,oreventsthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Butev
4、eryonehasabrain.Youareyourbrain.Ifyouwanttounderstandwhyyoufeelthewayyoudo,howyouperceivetheworld,whyyoumakemistakes,howyouareabletobecreative,whymusicandartareinspiring,indeedwhatitistobehuman,thenyouneedtounderstandthebrain.Inaddition,asuccessfultheoryofintelligenceandbrainfunc
5、tionwillhavelargesocietalbenefits,andnotjustinhelpinguscurebrain-relateddiseases.Wewillbeabletobuildgenuinelyintelligentmachines,althoughtheywon'tbeanythingliketherobotsofpopularfictionandcomputersciencefantasy.Rather,intelligentmachineswillarisefromanewsetofprinciplesaboutthenat
6、ureofintelligence.Assuch,theywillhelpusaccelerateourknowledgeoftheworld,helpusexploretheuniverse,andmaketheworldsafer.Andalongtheway,alargeindustrywillbecreated.Fortunately,weliveatatimewhentheproblemofunderstandingintelligencecanbesolved.Ourgenerationhasaccesstoamountainofdataab
7、outthebrain,collectedoverhundredsofyears,andtherateatwhichwearegatheringmoredataisaccelerating.TheUnitedStatesalonehasthousandsofneuroscientists.Yetwehavenoproductivetheoriesaboutwhatintelligenceisorhowthebrainworksasawhole.Mostneurobiologistsdon'tthinkmuchaboutoveralltheoriesoft
8、hebrainbecausethey'reengrossedindoingexp
