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1、賓語(yǔ)從句的用法一、定義:賓語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)部分是由另一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)。賓語(yǔ)從句需要用引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。學(xué)好賓語(yǔ)從句,必須過(guò)“三關(guān)”。即引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)、語(yǔ)序關(guān)、時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)。二、引導(dǎo)詞關(guān):引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為三類,即:1)若賓語(yǔ)從句為陳述語(yǔ)氣,則用that引導(dǎo)。That在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,也無(wú)實(shí)義,只是起到連接的作用。通常在say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等動(dòng)詞后加that,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。連詞that在口語(yǔ)中常被省略。如:Hesaidthathewasastudent.Ithoughtthathewaswrong.☆
2、注意:A)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that??梢允÷?但下列情況下不能省略。(1)and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句,除第一個(gè)從句中的that以外,后面從句中的that不能省略。如:Iknow(that)heisagoodstudentandthathelikesbasketball.(2)、that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不能省略。如:Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.(3)、主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ),that不可省略。如:Wedecided,consideringhisage,thatwewouldnotle
3、thimdothejob.B)若賓語(yǔ)后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),則賓語(yǔ)從句要放到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后,在賓補(bǔ)前用形式賓語(yǔ)it.常常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有find,feel,consider,make,believe等。如:Hedoesn’twantittobeknownthatheisgoingaway.Iconsideritnecessarythatheshoulddoitagain.C)賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等表示主觀看法或認(rèn)識(shí)的動(dòng)詞,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定
4、詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)。其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.如:Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.(而不能說(shuō)成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.)Idon’tbelievethatheisagoodstudent,ishe?我認(rèn)為他不是個(gè)好學(xué)生,不是嗎? Idon’tthinkyouareright.Idon’tbelievethattheyhavefinishedtheirwork.比較:shebelievesthatIamnotagoodstudent.2)表示一般疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣,含有“是否,能否”的意思。由從屬連詞whether和if引導(dǎo),二者
5、通常可以互換。如:Idon'tknowwhether/ifIshouldgotothepartytomorrow.注意:在以下情況中,只能用whether。A)在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether如:Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.B)在whether……ornot的固定搭配中,只能用whether。如:Iwanttoknowwhethersheisastudentornot.C)在介詞后,只能用whether。如:Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhehaslosthiswork.1)表示特殊疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。特殊疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞
6、和疑問(wèn)副詞。A)疑問(wèn)代詞包括what,who,whom,which,whose,whoever,whatever,whichever等.。如:Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Idon'tknowwhattheywant.Johntoldmewhichgirlhelikedmost..Iwanttoknowwhosefatherthatoldmanis.Iwillgiveyouwhateveryouwant.Youcanmeetwhoeveryouwanttosee.Youcanchoosewhicheveryoulike.B)疑問(wèn)副詞包括when,
7、where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however等。如:Couldyoutellmehowwecangettothestation?Hetoldmewhenweshouldgototheairport.Itoldhimwhereheshouldgo.Idon'tknowwhyheissoangry.Youcancomewheneveryouarefree.Youcangowhereveryoulike.