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1、摘摘要要隨著電力工業(yè)和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,電力市場(chǎng)發(fā)生了很大的變化,電力供需矛盾日漸顯著,電力負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)越來越重要,對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)精度的要求也越來越高。作為電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃依據(jù)的中長(zhǎng)期負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)更需要深入的研究分析,中長(zhǎng)期負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)一般是以年為單位的預(yù)測(cè),是保證電力系統(tǒng)可靠供電和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的前提。中長(zhǎng)期負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)的精度會(huì)影響到電網(wǎng)建設(shè)投資、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)行的合理性。負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)方法多種多樣,以往實(shí)際電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃中經(jīng)常使用傳統(tǒng)的預(yù)測(cè)方法,比如平均增長(zhǎng)率法、時(shí)間序列法等;而隨著對(duì)負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)的要求越來越高,一些現(xiàn)代技術(shù)也應(yīng)用到實(shí)際負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)中,本文的主要研究方向是采用組合預(yù)測(cè)為主的多種方法對(duì)包
2、頭地區(qū)2010-2015年電力負(fù)荷進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),組合預(yù)測(cè)是提高負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)精度的有效手段。以包頭地區(qū)為實(shí)際背景,進(jìn)行中長(zhǎng)期電力負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)研究,首先對(duì)幾種單一負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)方法進(jìn)行了闡述,結(jié)合包頭地區(qū)負(fù)荷的特性,選擇合適的負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)方法,并對(duì)選用的單一預(yù)測(cè)方法進(jìn)行優(yōu)選組合,得到單一預(yù)測(cè)方法和組合方法的擬合模型,分別對(duì)包頭地區(qū)2010-2015年負(fù)荷進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),分析預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果得出優(yōu)選組合的預(yù)測(cè)精度優(yōu)于單一模型,此方法更具科學(xué)性和工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。關(guān)鍵詞:中長(zhǎng)期負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè);灰色預(yù)測(cè);優(yōu)選組合;權(quán)重I摘要AbstractWiththeadjustmentofelectricpowerin
3、dustryandnationaleconomystructure,electricpowermarkethaschangedverygreatly,thecontradictionbetweensupplyanddemandisprominentincreasingly,electricpowerloadforecastingismoreandmoreimportant,theaccuracyrequirementofpredictingisalsomoreandmorehigh.Thepowersystemloadforecastingisbecom
4、ingmoreandmoreimportant,demandingonhigheraccuracy.Ofcourse,asabasicfornetworkplanning,usingyearastheunit,themid-longtermloadforecastingneedin-depthresearchedandanalysis,whichisthepremiseofensuringthereliabilityandeconomicoperationofthepowersystem.Theaccuracyofmid-longtermloadfore
5、castingwilldirectlyaffecttherationalityofinvestment,networklayoutandoperation.Therearemanymethodsforloadforecasting.Inthepast,duringtheactualnetworkplanningtraditionalforecastingmethodswereused,suchastheaveragegrowthratemethod,timeseriesmethod,etc.Withincreasingdemandsforloadfore
6、casting,anumberofmoderntechnologiesareappliedintheactualloadforecasting.ThefocusofthispaperistheusingofavarietyofforecastingmethodsontheloadofBaotouareain2010-2015.Combinationforecastingisaneffectivewaytoimprovetheaccuracy.BasedontheactualdataofBaotouarea,thispapercarriesoutthere
7、searchonmid-longtermloadforecasting.Inthefirst,severalsingleloadforecastingmethodsaredescribed,takingintoaccountthecharacteristicsoftheloadinBaotou,then,theappropriatemethodofloadforecastingisselectedforcombination,obtainingafittingmodelofsingleforecastingmethodandcombinationmeth
8、od.Bothmethodsaretestedonloadforecasting