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1、高一英語高一英語-----語法Grammar:定語從句(AttributiveClauses)Handsomeboys=theboyswhoarehandsomeBeautifulflowers=theflowerswhicharebeautiful定義:定語從句(AttributiveClauses):由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo)的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞和代詞,相當(dāng)于形容詞,所以又稱為形容詞性從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,whose,which,that)和關(guān)系副
2、詞(when,where,why)關(guān)系詞都充當(dāng)從句的某個(gè)成分,它所替代的相應(yīng)成分應(yīng)省去。在定語從句中,當(dāng)who,which,that作主語時(shí),謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用:①引導(dǎo)定語從句。②代替先行詞。③在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系不如限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系緊密,沒有它,主句的意思也清楚,因此用逗號(hào)隔開。關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中的用法與在限制性定語從句中的用法基本一樣。一.關(guān)系代詞以及基本用法關(guān)系代詞指示對(duì)象作用例句That人.物主.(賓)Thestudentthatansweredt
3、hequestionwasJohn.回答問題的學(xué)生是約翰。Thebook(that)youlentmewasinteresting.你借給我的那本書很有趣。Which物主.(賓)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多數(shù)男孩都喜歡的游戲.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.這是他昨天剛買的鋼筆.Who人主.(賓)Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth.Theman(who)youmetjustnowismyfriend.Whom人(賓)Theman(whom
4、)youmetjustnowismyfriend.你剛剛見到的那個(gè)人就是我的朋友.Mr.Lingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.凌先生恰巧就是我想見的那個(gè)男孩.Whose人.物定Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.注意一:1)介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略?! ?)that前不能有介詞。3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞whenwhere和why互換。where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on
5、/at/during+whichwhy=forwhichwhose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+ofwhich/whom例如: 1.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。=ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎?=Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?3.Thetourists,ofwhomthee
6、ldestis70(theeldestofwhomis70),arefromSingapore.第6頁共6頁Isawthreefilmsthismonth,twoofwhichwereveryinteresting.Thereason(which/that)he’sabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear.=Thereasonforwhich/whyhe’sabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear.4)whom在定語從句中只指人,做賓語,可用who或that代替,也可以省略但后邊的介詞提前時(shí),只用whom例如:Doyouknowtheman(
7、whom/who/that)theteacheristalkingto?=Doyouknowthemantowhomtheteacheristalking?Sheistheperson(whom/who/that)youshouldturntoforhelp.=Sheisthepersontowhomyoushouldturnforhelp5)Whose用來指人或物,(只用作定語)(1)Theyrushedovertohelpthe