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1、PracticalEnglishRhetoricI.Introduction1.WhatIsRhetoric?Rhetoricistheartorscienceofcommunicationinwords.LongmanModernEnglishDictionary修辭是依據(jù)題旨情境,運用各種語言材料,各種表現(xiàn)手法,恰當(dāng)?shù)乇憩F(xiàn)寫說者所要表達的內(nèi)容的語言活動?!掇o?!稲hetoricischoiceinacontextforapurpose.(PatrickHartwell:OpentoLangu
2、age)修辭學(xué),照我們的看法,應(yīng)該是在各種可供選擇的語言手段之間,各個詞語之間,各種句式之間,各種風(fēng)格之間進行選擇,選擇那些最適合、最需要的,用于當(dāng)前特定的目的。呂叔湘修辭就是選擇。張志公Summary1.Rhetoricistheartorscienceofeffectivecommunicationinwords.Whetherspeakingorwriting,onehastogetoneselfacrosseffectively,i.e.,tobeeloquent,accurate,im
3、pressive,persuasiveandexpressive.Thestudyofhowtoexpressoneselfeffectivelyisthemainconcernofrhetoric.2.Effectivecommunicationisbasedonpreciseandappropriatechoiceofwords,sentencepatternsandfiguresofspeech,etc.Inotherwords,rhetoricischoiceoflinguisticme
4、ansandchoiceofwaysofexpression.So,inthissense,rhetoricis“choice”.2.ClassificationofEnglishRhetoricCommunicativeRhetoric交際修辭:煉字;鍛句AestheticRhetoric美學(xué)修辭:各種修辭格Communicativerhetoriclaysparticularstressonlexicalaccuracy,structuralmeticulousnessandcontextu
5、alappropriatenesssoastobringitslinguisticcommunicativeroleintofullplay.Example(1)Shesatatthewindowwatchingtheeveninginvadetheavenue.Herheadwasleanedagainstthewindowcurtainsandinhernostrilswastheodorofdustycretonnes.Shewastired.(JamesJoyce:“Eveline”)E
6、xample(2)DickBoultonlookedatthedoctor.Dickwasabigman.Heknewhowbigamanhewas.Helikedtogetintofights.Hewashappy.EddieandBillyTabeshawleanedontheircanthooksandlookedatthedoctor.ThedoctorchewedthebeardonhislowerlipandlookedatDickBoulton.Thenheturnedawayan
7、dwalkedupthehilltothecottage.Theycouldseefromhisbackhowangryhewas.Theyallwatchedhimwalkupthehillandgoinsidethecottage.(E.Hemingway:“TheDoctorandtheDoctor’sWife”)Aestheticrhetoricgivesspecialemphasistotheemploymentoffiguresofspeechinvirtueof47imaginat
8、ionandassociationsothatthelanguageusedwillbemorecolorfulandexpressive,theimagescreatedonthereader’smindwillbemorevividandimpressive.Asaresult,thewritingwillbemorepersuasiveandofmoreartisticappeal.Example(3)WeareresolvedtodestroyHitlerandeveryvestigeo