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1、第23卷第12期2003年12月生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.23,No.12Dec.,2003農(nóng)田土壤磷素淋溶及其預(yù)測(cè)呂家瓏(西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院,陜西楊凌712100)摘要:農(nóng)田土壤磷的淋溶損失,不僅造成肥料利用率降低、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本上升,還能引起地下和地表水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化。在綜合大量中外文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,闡述了農(nóng)田土壤磷素淋溶問題的提出、淋溶對(duì)水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的貢獻(xiàn)、淋溶液中磷素的形態(tài)及其比例、影響土壤磷素淋溶的因子、淋溶機(jī)理、預(yù)測(cè)方法,并對(duì)農(nóng)田土壤磷素淋溶及其預(yù)測(cè)作了展望。關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)田土壤;磷;淋溶;預(yù)測(cè)方法Phosphoru
2、sleachingfromagriculturalsoilsanditspredictionLUJia2Long(ResourcesandEnvironmentalCollege,NorthwestSci2TechUniversityofAgricultureandForestry,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2003,23(12):2689～2701.Abstract:Phosphorus(P)isanessentialelementforplantgrowth.Italsoisak
3、eyelementforeutrophicationofwaterbodies.ThelossofPfromagriculturalsoilsnotonlyleadstoadecreaseintheutilizationratiooffertilizersandanincreaseinthecostofagriculturalproduction,butalsogivesrisetotheeutrophicationofsurfacewaterandgroundwater.Eutrophication,causedbyPenrichment,firstca
4、metotheforeinthe1960s,mostnotablyintheGreatLakesregionoftheUSAandCanada.Inthefollowingdecade,ahostofotherwaterbodies,sufferingfromvaryingdegreesofphosphorusenrichment,wereidentifiedaroundtheworld.Therearetwowaysforphosphorustoenterwaterbodies2pointsourceandnon2pointsource.Humanbei
5、ngsdidnotpayenoughattentiontoPlossfromagriculturallandtowaterbodiesuntilthe1960sbecauseofitslimitedmovementinsoils.Pmaybelostfromagriculturallandtowaterbodiesbyseveralprocesses.Theseincludeerosion,surfacerunoffandleaching.Itisreportedthatabout35%ofthePinputstonaturalwatersnowcomef
6、romagricultureintheUK,70%inDenmark,and38%inGermany.SincemostsoilshaveaveryhighabsorptioncapacityforP,usuallyfarexceedingthequantitiesofPaddedasmanuresorfertilizers,ithaslongbeenconsideredthatleachinglossesofPfromsoiltowaterarenegligibleinmostcases.TheconcentrationofPrequiredtotrig
7、gereutrophicationinfreshwaterisextremelysmall(aslowas0102～01035mgP?L.TheproblemofPleachingfromsoiltowaterwasgenerallynotconsideredimportantuntilthe1980s.WhenresearchersfirstmeasuredPlossesindrainagewaterintheUKandUSA.ItwasreportedthatPindrainagewatercamefromfarmyardmanureappliedto
8、sandysoil.Morerecently,reportsabo
