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1、農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)2010,29(3):527—533JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience免耕稻田田面水磷素動(dòng)態(tài)及其淋溶損失通樂(lè)嘎1,2,3,李成芳1,一,楊金花1,一,汪金平1,一,曹湊貴1,一,吳海亞5,梅少華4,梅金先4,翟中兵5(1.農(nóng)業(yè)部華中作物栽培與生理生態(tài)重點(diǎn)開(kāi)放實(shí)驗(yàn)室,武漢430070;2.華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)植物科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院,武漢430070;3.河套大學(xué)農(nóng)牧與生化工程學(xué)院,內(nèi)蒙古臨河015000;4.湖北省武穴市農(nóng)業(yè)局,湖北黃岡435404;5.武穴市大法寺鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)
2、業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心,湖北黃岡435404)摘要:以免耕和翻耕稻田為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)大田試驗(yàn)與室內(nèi)分析,研究了不同耕作方式下稻田田面水和滲漏水的淋溶損失及其對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。試驗(yàn)共設(shè)4個(gè)處理,分別是免耕+不施肥(NT0)、翻耕+不施肥(cT0)、免耕+復(fù)合肥(NTC)和翻耕+復(fù)合肥(CTCo結(jié)果表明,施磷肥顯著提高稻田田面水以及滲漏水各形態(tài)磷濃度。施磷肥2d后田面水總磷(rIP)濃度、顆粒態(tài)磷(PP)濃度和溶解磷(DP)濃度即達(dá)到最大值,此后由于水中顆粒或表土對(duì)田面水磷素的固定,磷素的淋失,水稻生長(zhǎng)吸收及前
3、期的稻田排水和灌水稀釋?zhuān)?周后迅速降低并趨于穩(wěn)定;滲漏水TP濃度和溶解磷(RP)濃度在施磷肥2d后達(dá)到最大值,滲漏水TP濃度在施肥后一個(gè)半月達(dá)到最低值,而滲漏水RP濃度在施肥4d后就降低到最低值。處理NTC田面水TP、DP與PP顯著高于處理CTC,而處理NT0與處理CT0之間無(wú)差異;與翻耕相比,免耕不影響滲漏水TP與RP濃度及磷下滲淋失。對(duì)田面水磷素及滲漏水磷素變化動(dòng)態(tài)分析表明,施磷肥后的1周左右是控制磷素流失的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。關(guān)鍵詞:免耕;稻田;田面水;滲漏水;磷素中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):X522文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章
4、編號(hào):1672—2043(2010)03—0527—07FloodwaterPhosphorusDynamicsandLossesfromNo-tillageRiceFieldsTONGLe—gal'2?,LICheng—fan91?,YANGJin—hual?,WANGJin—pin91?,CAOCou—guil?,WUHal—ya5,MEIShao—hua4,MEIJin—xian4,ZHAIZhong—bin95(1.KeyLaboratoryofHuazhongCropPhysiology,
5、EcologyandProduction,MinistryofAgriculture,Wuhan430070,China;2.CollegeofPlantScienceandTechnology,HuazhongAgriculturalUniversity,Wuhan430070,China;3.AgricultureandAnimalHusbandryandBiochemicalEngineeringInstitute,HetaoUniversity,Linhe015000,China;4.Bur
6、eauofAgricultureinWuxue,Huanggang435404,China;5.ExtendServiceCenterofAgriculturalTechnology,DafashiTowninWuxue,Huanggang435404,China)Abstract:Phosphorus(P)enhanceseutrophicationoffreshwaterbodies.ThisstudywasconductedtodetemfinePdynamicsoffloodwaterand
7、percolationwater,andtoassessPlossesthroughleachinganditsenvironmentalimpactindifferentricetillagefieldsduringthericegrow—ingseasonof2008.Thefourtreatmentsconductedinthisstudywereno—tillage+nofertilizer(NT0),conventionaltillage+nofertilizer(CT0);no—till
8、age+compoundfertilizer(NTC)andconventionaltillage+compoundfertilizer(CTC).TheresultsshowedthattotalP(TP),dissolvedP(DP)andparticulatephosphorus(PP)concentrationsinfloodwaterallpeakedtwodaysafterPapplication.Afterward,theydeclinedthenrea