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1、SoundChangeandtheHistoryofEnglishForElaineSoundChangeandtheHistoryofEnglishJEREMYJ.SMITH13GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dpOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypub
2、lishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithoYcesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKorea
3、SwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork?JeremyJ.Smith2007ThemoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUnive
4、rsityPress(maker)Firstpublished2007Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeapp
5、ropriatereprographicsrightsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirerBr
6、itishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableTypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,IndiaPrintedinGreatBritainonacid-freepaperbyBiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,NorfolkISBN978–0–19–929195–313579108642ContentsP
7、refaceixListofFiguresxiiiNotationsandConventionsxv1OnExplainingSoundChange11Aboutthisbook12Whatissoundchange?73Speakersinnovate,languageschange94Insightsfrompragmaticsandsociolinguistics145Theactuationproblem166Hyperadaptationandhypoadaptation187Contact218Systemicreg
8、ulation249Thestructureofthisbook272OnEvidence291Witnesses292Writingsystems303Versepractices364Contemporarycomments395Reconstruction