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1、原油降凝劑的合成研究摘要我國大部分油田的原油屬于高蠟原油,含蠟量在20%左右。有的甚至高達40%,給原油的儲運和加工帶來困難。在原油中添加少量的降凝劑,改變原油中蠟晶形態(tài),使蠟在常溫下不易形成三維網(wǎng)絡結構,從而降低原油的凝固點,這是目前解決此類原油開采和集輸問題較為經(jīng)濟有效的途徑。本文的目的在于制備和篩選出效果較好的原油降凝劑。首先通過不同的單體聚合反應得到系列降凝劑,以大慶原油的降凝效果為參考對象。選出效果較好的降凝劑AMS(丙烯酸十八酯一馬來酸酐一苯乙烯三元聚合物)和AVS(丙烯酸十八酯一醋
2、酸乙烯酯一苯乙烯三元聚合物),對這兩種降凝劑的合成條件進行了考察,同時對兩種降凝劑與EVA的復配進行了研究。通過正交實驗確定出AMS的最佳合成條件為:在反應溫度為9012,反應時問為7h條件下,丙烯酸十八酯、馬來酸酐、苯乙烯物質(zhì)的量最佳配比為9:1:l,引發(fā)劑用量為O.5%:采用條件實驗法確定AVS的最佳合成條件為:在反應溫度為90℃,反應時間為7h條件下。丙烯酸十八酯、醋酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯物質(zhì)的量最佳配比為8:2:l,引發(fā)劑用量為0.6%。通過降凝劑AMS與EVA的復配,大慶原油凝點降低10℃,
3、吉林原油凝點降低9X2。遼河沈采原油凝點降低3℃:AVS與EVA復配,可使大慶原油凝點降低9℃,吉林原油凝點降低10℃,遼河沈采原油的凝點降低412。AMS.E、,A復配降凝劑和AVS.EVA復配降凝劑均可降低大慶原油、吉林原油,遼河沈采原油的析蠟點和反常點,并且這兩種復配型降凝劑均可以在一定程度上降低以上三種原油的黏度,改善其低溫流變性。關鍵詞:高蠟原油;降凝劑;碳分布;黏溫特性;流變性IIStudyonSynthesizingPourPointDepressantforCrudeOilAbs
4、tractMostofoilfieldinourcountryyieldhighwaxycrudeoil,inwhichparaffincontentisabout20%,evenreachto40%.whichcauseditdifficulttoexploitationandtransportation.11他methodofaddingpourpointdepressant(PPD)carlbeusedtosolvethisproblem.Waxcrystalconfigurationca
5、nbemodifiedbyPPD,anditisdifficulttoformthree-dimensionalnetworkstructureatnormaltemperature.sothepourpointcallbedepressed.TheobjectofthisthesisistosynthesizeandselectthePPDwhichismoreeriective.Firstly,aseriesofPPDweresynthesized,whichwerepolymerizedw
6、ithdifferentmonomers.ThemoreeffectivePPD,AMS(Octedecylacrylate—Maleieanhydfide—Styrene)andAVS(Oetadecylacrylate-Vinylacetate-Styrene),wereselectedbytestingtheabilityofdepressingthepourpointofDaqingcrudeoil,andthenthesyntheticconditionoft11etwoPPDwere
7、discussed.ThecombinationofAMSorAVSwithEvAwasstudied.Byorthogonaltest,theoptimalsyntheticconditionofAMSwasdeterminedasfollows:whenthetemperatureofthereactionwas90"Candthereactiontimewas7h,thebestmolarratioofA,MandSwas9:l:l,thedosageofinitiatorwas0.5%:
8、TheoptimalsyntheticconditionofAVSwasdeterminedbyconditionalexperiment:whenthereactiontemperaturewas90"Candthereactiontimewas7h,thebestmolarratioofA,VandSwas8:2:1.thedosageofinitiatorwasO.6%.CombinatingAMSandEVAindifferentmassratiocouldreducepourpoint