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1、定語從句語法知識(shí)歸納一、基本概念（一）定語從句在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。（二）先行詞被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。一般情況下，定語從句緊跟先行詞。但也有因各種原因定語從句與先行詞被分割的現(xiàn)象。（三）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。與先行詞關(guān)系密切，因此緊跟先行詞，并在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和定語。關(guān)系副詞有：when,where和why。在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。一．關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法（一）基本用法根據(jù)
2、先行詞的不同，和在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌?，選用不同的關(guān)系代詞。如下表：關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語，賓語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中做賓語時(shí)，?？梢允÷?，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人，物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Th
3、eboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人，物主語，賓語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語，賓語Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主語，賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
4、as做賓語一般不省略12例如：（注意關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑貲oyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?（作主語）②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主語）③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作賓語）④Thisisthenewsecretary(who/whom/that)Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.（作賓語）⑤Thesol
5、dierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定語）注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)可以省略，充當(dāng)主語時(shí)則不能。（見上例③④）（二）關(guān)系代詞that代替which的一些情況which,that在代替物時(shí)，一般可以通用。但在有些情況下，只用that。⑴先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或它的前面有最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)。例如：①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduring
6、theseyears.⑵先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或它前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)。例如：①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.⑶先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代詞時(shí)。例如：①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.⑷先行詞前面有theonly,thevery,any,f
7、ew,little,no,all,much,every等修飾時(shí)。例如：①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.②Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情況⑴先行詞是one,ones,anyone時(shí)。例如：①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’t
