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1、高中語法定語從句l引導定語從句的詞關系代詞:thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas關系副詞:wherewhenwhy?關系代詞1)功能:引導一個定語從句,把它和主句連接起來,形成主從關系;替代前面的先行詞,有當其在從句中作賓語是可以省略;在定語從句中充當適當?shù)木渥映煞帧O拗菩院头窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句只用于限制性定從指人指物指人和物主語whowhichthat賓語whomwhichthat屬格whose/ofwhichwhose/ofwhich1.(05北京)Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm(先行詞)-13-高中語
2、法(which/that/)___wevisitedthreemonthsago?(定語從句)(主句)A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what2.(06福建)Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse___roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that2)關系代詞只能用thata.先行詞是形容詞最高級或者被形容詞的最高級修飾時。eg.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.b.當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或者被序數(shù)詞修飾時。e
3、g.Whatisthefirstforeignfilmthatyouhaveeverseen?c.當先行詞是不定代詞,如:all,any,some,much,little,few,everything,nothing,something,anything,none,theone等詞時。eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?d.先行詞被thevery(正好),theonly,the-13-高中語法last,any,few,little,just,next,no,all等詞修飾時。eg.Theonlyt
4、hingthatwecandoistohelpyouout.e.先行詞既有表示人的詞又有表示物的詞。eg.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?f.當主句的主語是疑問詞who或者which時。eg.Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythetree?g.有兩個定語從句時,其中一個關系代詞用which,而另一個則用that。eg.Theywenttoashopwhichsellswomen’sclothesthatsatisfiedthem.h.當先行詞在主句中作b
5、e的表語,或關系代詞本身作從句的表語時。eg.Wuhanisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.i.關系副詞why在thereasonwhy結構中可以被that取代,that亦可省略。(這時that是關系副詞)-13-高中語法eg.Thatisthereason(that)hecame.j.以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常用inwhich或that引導,也可以省略。eg.Thisistheway(that/which)hedidthat.3)關系代詞只能用whicha.介詞后指物。eg.Thisisthescho
6、olinwhichIusedtostudy.※但要注意的是,在一些固定短語中,不能把介詞置于關系代詞之前。eg.TheboywhoIamlookingafterismyson.(不能說TheboyafterwhomIamlookingafterismyson.)b.非限制性定語從句中指物。3.(08全國)Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.itB.whatC.whichD.thatc.which可指代整個句子,而that不能。4)關系代
7、詞as和which的使用區(qū)別-13-高中語法a.位置不同。as引導的定語從句可位于句首,也可以插在主句中,位于主句后,而which不能位于主句前。eg.Asyouknow,TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina.Taiwan,asyouknow,isaninseparablepartofChina.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asyouknow.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,whichweallknow.b.意義不同。as(正如,就像)表示符合人們
8、的認識和事物的習慣性等意義,即從句與主句語義一致。當從句與主句語義不一致時或從句與主句之間是因果關系時用which。eg.Theyrem