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1、高一英語定語從句的歸納一．幾個基本概念1.定語從句的定義：用作定語的從句叫定語從句。2.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。3.定語從句的位置：緊跟先行詞（名詞或代詞）之后。4.引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞（包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）。﹙1﹚關(guān)系代詞：that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚關(guān)系副詞：when/where/why5.引導(dǎo)詞的位置：位于定語從句之前（先行詞之后）。【as除外】6.引導(dǎo)詞的功能（作用）：﹙1﹚連接先行詞和定語從句。﹙2﹚在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分（關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)主語或賓語，關(guān)系副詞充當(dāng)狀語）。7.定語從句的類型：﹙1﹚限定性定語從句（主
2、句和定語從句之間無逗號）。①直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句Themanwhoyou’retalkingtoismyfriend.②由介詞+關(guān)系代詞（whom/which）引導(dǎo)Themantowhomyou’retalkingismyfriend.IneedapenwithwhichIcanwritealetter.=IneedapieceofpaperonwhichIcanwritealetter.介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中的相關(guān)詞組確定，該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如：Theman(who/whom/that)Italkedaboutatthemeet
3、ingisfromBeijingUniversity.=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.Thepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury.=ThepalacetowhichIoftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.﹙2﹚非限定性定語從句（主句和定語從句之間用逗號隔開）。①直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。②由介詞+關(guān)系代詞（whom/which）引導(dǎo)。Iliveinahousefa
4、rawayfromthecity,infrontofwhichisabigtree.Thereisanappletreestandingatthegate,onwhicharemanyapples.ThisisthemantowhomIgavethebook.③由“代詞/名詞+of+whom/which”或“ofwhich/whom+名詞/代詞”(先行詞指人用whom,指物用which)引導(dǎo)。One,some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等詞、數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)或百分比與ofwhom或ofwhich連用。
5、Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomareabroad.(比較：Hehasfivechildren,andtwoofthemareabroad.)Wehavethreebooks,noneofwhichis/areinteresting.(比較：Wehavethreebooks,butnoneofthemis/areinteresting.)除why和that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句外，其余引導(dǎo)詞都可以，用法同限定性定語從句一樣。但要注意以下區(qū)別。1.在形式上非限定性定語從句與主句有逗號隔開。2.非限定性定語從句的作用：它只是補充說明先行詞的情況，翻
6、譯時可譯成兩個句子。Theengineer,whoselegwasbadlyhurt,wasquicklysenttohospital.（那位工程師被很快送往醫(yī)院，其腿部受了重傷）Theengineerwhoselegwasbadlyhurtwasquicklysenttohospital.（那位腿部受了重傷的工程師被很快送往醫(yī)院）3.在非限定性定語從句中，任何引導(dǎo)詞都不能省略（包括引導(dǎo)詞在此定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語在內(nèi)）。指人做主語時只能用who,做賓語時用whom;指物做主語，賓語都用which;關(guān)系副詞用when或where，也不能省略。Theman,______is
7、sittingonthechair,ismyfather.Thewoman,_______Imetyesterday,ismyEnglishteacher.Thecity,_______isfaraway,isverybeautiful.HewenttoAmerica,______hisparentslive.HejoinedtheArmyyesterday,______Ileft,too.4.whose引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句：Thehouse,whosewindowfacessouth,ismine.=Thehouse,thewindowofwhic
