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1、新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文優(yōu)質(zhì)果樹品種資源圃的建立及紅富士芽變觀測(cè)姓名：張勇申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別：碩士專業(yè)：果樹學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師：李疆20090601優(yōu)質(zhì)果樹品種資源圃的建立及紅富士芽變觀測(cè)摘要本試驗(yàn)研究的主要內(nèi)容是特色果樹優(yōu)良品種資源圃的建立、優(yōu)良果樹品種的引種以及優(yōu)質(zhì)紅富士芽變的有關(guān)性狀的觀測(cè)。對(duì)比分析了阿克蘇和秦皇島的生態(tài)因子，為兩地的引種可行性提供了依據(jù)，在本試驗(yàn)的品種資源圃中共引進(jìn)350個(gè)左右的優(yōu)良品種；在引進(jìn)品種的早期篩選上，運(yùn)用了灰色系統(tǒng)理論對(duì)所試驗(yàn)的果樹品種進(jìn)行了關(guān)聯(lián)排序分析，從關(guān)聯(lián)分析的結(jié)果來看，蘋果品種巨森、藤牧l號(hào)應(yīng)作為
2、引種觀察的重點(diǎn)；對(duì)紅富士芽變的物候特性的觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)其與母株樹物候期一致；對(duì)紅富士芽變的栽培性狀、果實(shí)品質(zhì)等進(jìn)行了觀測(cè)并通過嫁接與修剪試驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)該紅富士芽變?yōu)橹芫壡逗象w，芽變的短枝性狀突出，其果實(shí)品質(zhì)整體優(yōu)于母株；通過對(duì)芽變與原品種的氣孔密度、氣孔長(zhǎng)寬及花粉粒大小的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)芽變的組織發(fā)生層L，、L。。層沒有發(fā)生倍性變化；通過對(duì)擴(kuò)繁的50畝芽變果園進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)觀察，表明該芽變初選優(yōu)系在枝芽生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)、樹勢(shì)、豐產(chǎn)結(jié)果特性等方面表現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定，對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂?、土壤等環(huán)境因子適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，為優(yōu)質(zhì)短枝濃紅型芽變，適宜在新疆南部區(qū)域推廣。關(guān)鍵詞：果樹品種
3、；資源圃；引種；芽變EstablishmentofResourcesNurseryofHigh--qualityFruitTreeCuitivarsandObservationoftheBudMutationofRedFujiAbstractThispapermainlystudiestheestablishmentofresourcesnurseryofthelocalfruittreecultivarsandtheintroductionofthehigh—qualityfruittreecultivarsandtheob
4、servationofthebudmutationofRedFuji．WegaveacomparativeanalysisofecologicalfactorsofAkesuandQinhuangdaotoprovidethebasisforthefeasibilityofintroduction．Weintroducedatotalofabout350high--qualityvarietiestotheresourcesnursery．Onselectingtheintroducedvarieties，weusedGray
5、Theorytodoallassociatedsortinganalysisattheearlystageoftheintroduction；theresultsshowedthatJushengandTengmulshouldbeintroducedonthefocusofobservation．FromthephenologicalcharacteristicsofFujimutation，wefoundthatthemutationandthemotherplanthadthesamephenologicalphase．
6、Afterobservingthecultivationofthebudmutationandthefruitquality,wefoundthatthebudmutationwassuperiortothemotherplant．Throughgraftingandpruningtest，wefoundthatthebudmutationwasashort--branchmutation，andthebudmutationwasaperipherychimera．Basedonthestatisticalanalysisof
7、thestomatadensity，length，widthandthesizeofpollen，wefoundthattheploidydidnotchangeintheLzlayerandLzzlayer．Throughexpandingpropagationofthebudmutationinanareaof50mu,theresultsshowedthatthebudmutationwassteadyinthegrowthpotentialofthebranchandthetreepotentialandthechar
8、acteristicofhighyield．Themutationisadaptabletothelocalclimateandotherenvironmentalfactorssuchasthesoil．Thebudmutationisahigh—qualitymutati
