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1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）要求1、外文翻譯是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的主要內(nèi)容之一，必須學(xué)生獨(dú)立完成。2、外文翻譯譯文內(nèi)容應(yīng)與學(xué)生的專業(yè)或畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）內(nèi)容相關(guān)，不得少于XXXXE
2、J刷符號。3、外文翻譯譯文用A4紙打印，需包含中文翻譯和英文原文。4、年月日等的填寫，用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫，要符合《關(guān)于出版物上數(shù)字用法的試行規(guī)定》，如“2017年5月26日”。5、所有簽名必須手寫，不得打印。附件：外文原文AboutGPS-RTKSUMMARYTransformsalongwiththetraditionalmappingtechnolo
3、gytothedigitizedmappingtechnology,facethe21stcenturyourcountryprojectsurveytechnologytrendofdevelopmentandthedirectionis:Surveydataacquisitionandprocessingautomation,solidcurrentevents,digitization;Surveydatamanagementscientificstyle,standardization,standardiz
4、ation;Surveydatadisseminationandapplicationnetwork,diversification,socialization.TheGPStechnology,theRStechnology,theGIStechnology,thedigitizedmappingtechnologyaswellastheadvancedgroundsurveyinstrumentandsoonwillbewidespreadapplyintheprojectsurvey,andwilldispl
5、ayitsleadingrole.Ourcountrytunnelingsurveyhasthecomparativelyglorioushistoryandtherichexperience,accordingtohascountednewChinatoestablish50formanyyears,altogetherconstructstherailroadtunnelalreadysurpasses5,000.Inoncentury80's,ourcountryalreadybecameintheworld
6、oneofrailroadtunnelmostcountries,speciallygrewupthetunnelsurveytechnologynewmethodapplicationaspecttoyieldmanyimportantresults,accumulatedthepreciousexperience,oncewonnationvariousadvanceintechnologythegreathono匚Thisarticledividesintotwoparts,thefirstpartmakes
7、thecorrelationtothetunnelingsurveymethodandthecomputationtheintroduction,mainlydividesintothreebulks:Onsurveys,undergroundsurveyandrelationsurvey.Buttheyseparatelyintroducedoncontrolsthesurvey,theundergroundcontrolsurveysandrelatesthesurveyandtheyseparatelylin
8、ksuptheprecisiontothetunneltheinfluence.Moreover,thethirdchapterspeciallyintroducedthetunnellinksupthesurveytheplanchoiceandtheerrorestimated.Frontbecausethisisthetunnellinksupanextremelyimportantworkwhichthesurveybeginsmustcarryon,itcamesonornotcandirectlyaff
9、ecttheriskwhichlinksuptothetunnel.Ifdoesnotcarryontheerrortoestimatebutdirectlycarriesonthesurvey,hasthepossibilitytobeableverymuchinsufficientlytocreatebecauseoftheprecisionlinksu
