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1、TheFirstAmerican--InfluencefromBenjaminFranklin’sAutobiographyand“ThirteenVirtues”ontheFormingofAmericanDreamIntroductionBornin1706,BenjaminFranklinwasbroughtupinapoorandobscurefamily,ashesaysinhisAutobiography.Hisfatherisacandle—maker,hismotherisapiousCalvinist.Whenhewas16years
2、old,hebegantoserveasanapprenticetohisolderhalf-brother,aprinter.ItwasalsointhatyearwhenBentriedtopublishhisessaysunderhispseudonym,SilenceDogood.At17,BenrantoPhiladelphiatomakehisownfortune.HisentranceintothiscitymarkedthebeginningofalongstoryofsuccessorAmericanDream.In1730,atth
3、eageof24,FranklinacknowledgedthathehasanillegitimatesonnamedWilliam,despitethathismother’sidentityisstillunknown.ThefamousAutobiographyiswrittentoWilliamasitbegan:Mydearson.Franklinwasalsoknownasaprodigiousinventor,oneofhisabundantinventions,themostfamousoneiselectricity.Besides
4、,hehelpedtofoundthePennsylvaniahospital,anacademywhichledtotheUniversityofPennsylvania,andtheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.Amongthosethingswhichhestartedandforwhichhewasstillrememberedtodaywerevolunteerfiredepartments,effectivestreetlighting,theFranklinstove,bifocalglasses,andeff
5、icientheatingdevices.TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklinwasprobablythefirstautobiographyinAmericanliterature.Afteritspublication,millionskindsofsimilarworkswereimitateddayandnight.Autobiographygenerallyrecordedamanwhogrewfromanunknownboytoamanofwealthandprosperity.Itwaswrittenint
6、heformofletteranddividedintofourparts,completedatdifferenttimes.Franklinwas65yearsoldwhenhebegantowriteit,buthediedbeforehecouldfinishedthewholebook,whichwasagreatpityforreaderswhowerefascinatedwithhisworks.InAutobiography,Franklinaskedthequestionofhowamanshouldlivehislife,andhe
7、offeredthebes10tanswerhecoulddobyhimself,whichprovidedthemouldofAmericanlifeandinfluencedAmericanspiritinalongperiod.InAutobiography,themostfamouspartistheThirteenVirtuesofTemperance,Silence,Order,Resolution,Frugality,Industry,Sincerity,Justice,Moderation,Cleanness,Tranquility,C
8、hastity,andHumility.Franklinisnotamanwhogaveups
