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1、GETTINGSTARTEDWITHMATHEMATICAMartinEricksonMarch7,2001ThepurposeofthismanualistohelpyoubeginusingMathematica,amathematicalex-plorationsysteminwhichyoucanperformcalculations,evaluatefunctions,creategraphics,anddevelopprograms.Themanualcontainssimpleexamplesforyoutotry.Itcoversjustthebas
2、ics,enoughtogetyoustarted.TolearnmoreaboutMathematica,youmaywanttoconsultthesourceslistedinSection7andinthereferencesthatfollow.Contents1.WhatisMathematica?2.HowtouseMathematicaasacalculator3.Howtocomputefunctions4.Howtographfunctions5.Howtodosimpleprogramming6.HowtodevelopaMathematica
3、notebook7.HowtolearnmoreReferences1WhatisMathematica?Mathematica,createdbyStephenWolfram,isasoftwaresysteminwhichyoucaninvestigatemathematics,performcalculations,creategraphics,andwriteprograms.Mathematicacommandsaretypedonagraphicaluserinterfacecontainingmenuoptions(seeFigure1).2Howto
4、useMathematicaasacalculatorYoucanuseMathematicaasapowerfulcalculator.SimplytypetheexpressionyouwishtoevaluateandpressSHIFT+ENTER(orjusttheENTERkeyonthelower-rightcornerofanextendedkeyboard).1Figure1:TheMathematicacommandscreen.Example2.1.Hereweadd2and2toget...4.2+24Note.The rsttimeyoua
5、skMathematicatoperformacalculation,Mathematicastartsupthekernel(itscalculatingengine).Note.Mathematicaassignslinenumberstotheinputandoutput,butwesuppressthenumbersinthismanual.Mathematicacanhandleverylargenumbers.Thefollowingexampleshowso Mathe-matica'sfantasticcalculatingpower.Example
6、2.2.Weevaluate3100.3^(100)515377520732011331036461129765621272702107522001Note.Mathematicacaneasilyworkwithnumbershundredsofdigitslong.Tomultiplytwonumbers,typethenumberswithaspacebetweenthemandenter.2Example2.3.Herewecalculate102459049.10245904960466176Thevaluesofusefulmathematicalco
7、nstantssuchas,e,andiarestoredinMathematica.Toobtainthenumericalvalueofanexpression,usethefunctionN.Example2.4.Wecalculateande.N[Pi]3.14159N[E]2.71828Ifyouwantanumericalresultgiventoahighdegreeofaccuracy,usethecommandN[_,_].The rstargumentofthisfunctionisthenumbertobecalculated;thes
